线上考试系统的数据 虚拟化技术部署
1.部署前段服务器
docker run -it --name c0 -p80:80/tcp centos:latest
/bin/bash
docker run -it --name c1 -p80 centos:latest
/bin/bash # 宿主会指定⼀个⼤于等于3278的端⼝给容器
docker ps --all # 查看实际给予的端⼝
docker run -it --name c2 -p10.1.1.51::80
centos:latest /bin/bash
docker run -it --name c4 -v /opt/:/var/www/html/
centos:latest /bin/bash
1.将资源上传到服务器
scp -r dist/ [email protected]:~# 2创建基础容器 在服务器上
systemctl start docker.service
docker pull centos
docker run -it --name c0 centos:latest /bin/bash
3 在容器中修改yum源
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-
8.5.2111.repo
yum clean all && yum makecache
4.在容器中安装epel
yum -y install epel-release
5.在容器中安装nginx
yum -y install nginx
6.ctrl pq
7.导出tar包
docker export -o centos_nginx.tar
8.引⼊tar包，称为镜像
docker import -m "维护世界和平" centos_nginx.tar
centos:nginx
9.查看镜像
docker image ls
root@localhost \~\]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos nginx 9afbddb29074 10 seconds ago 366MBmysql latest a82a8f162e18 4 weeks ago 586MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB # 10.停⽤c0容器，删除c0容器 # 11.创建新的centos nginx容器，在创建的同时指定端⼝，以及 挂载⽬录 docker run -it --name c0 -p80:80/tcp -v /opt/:/usr/share/nginx/html centos:nginx /bin/bash # 12在容器内部启动nginx服务 nginx #ctrl p q # 13 在宿主上把dist⽬录中的⽂件复制opt⽬录中 cp -r dist/\* /opt 1.启动docker守护进程 \[root@docker001 \~\]# systemctl start docker.service2.搜索mysql镜像 \[root@docker001 \~\]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL mysql MySQL is a widely used, open source relation... 15322 \[OK
bitnami/mysql Bitnami container image for
MySQL 114
google/mysql MySQL server for Google
Compute Engine 25
elestio/mysql Mysql, verified and packaged
by Elestio 0
rapidfort/mysql RapidFort optimized, hardened
image for MySQL 25
circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open
source relation... 30
ubuntu/mysql MySQL open source fast,
stable, multi-thread... 64
javanile/mysql MySQL for development
0
eclipse/mysql Mysql 5.7, curl, rsync
1
ilios/mysql Mysql configured for running
Ilios 1
cimg/mysql
3bitnamicharts/mysql
0
mirantis/mysql
0
docksal/mysql MySQL service images for
Docksal - https://d... 0
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to
you by LinuxSe... 41
datajoint/mysql MySQL image pre-configured to
work smoothly ... 2
ddev/mysql ARM64 base images for ddev
dbserver-mysql-8.... 1
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface
for MySQL and M... 1017 [OK]
vulhub/mysql
0
drud/mysql
1
nasqueron/mysql
1
corpusops/mysql
https://github.com/corpusops/docker-images/ 0
jumpserver/mysql
1
openeuler/mysql
0encoflife/mysql
0
3.拉取mysql镜像
root@docker001 \~\]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql 6e839ac3722d: Pull complete ad912193ad5f: Pull complete 25d13d87fd8d: Pull complete 004d383c75ef: Pull complete 6d9bbc82a0b8: Pull complete 81fec07ea550: Pull complete 83357cb2d3a5: Pull complete 8ffe968b82c1: Pull complete 30dfd9a7ed57: Pull complete 35844ae33cbe: Pull complete Digest: sha256:86cdfe832c81e39a89cfb63c3fde1683c41cc00ef91e 67653c9c1df0ba80f454 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest \[root@docker001 \~\]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEcentos nginx 12fea1b890de 13 hours ago 366MB centos java17 b6bf774de7bb 14 hours ago 550MB centos_httpd v0 fffc96d791d5 39 hours ago 309MB centos_yum v0 191d9c84f461 39 hours ago 260MB mysql latest a82a8f162e18 4 weeks ago 586MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB 4.创建镜像容器 \[root@docker001 \~\]# docker run -d --name my01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 mysql:latest 9338d672d3d819e5eb35fcf9fb5cd8fe88daf5a84b00ab0a4b3 3fc9b9ba87d8a # -d 后台运⾏，并输出hashcode # -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root 设置mysql密码 # -p 映射3306端⼝ 1. 管理mysql \[root@docker001 \~\]# docker exec -it my01 mysql - uroot -proot mysql: \[Warning\] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 9.0.1 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement. 让容器的时间和宿主机一致 让容器共享宿主机的/etc/localtime \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker run -it --name c0 centos:latest /bin/bash \[root@2115eaa4dc02 /\]# date Mon Aug 26 06:37:37 UTC 2024 Ctrl p q \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker run -it --name c2 -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime centos:latest /bin/bash \[root@7aca1ba22cec /\]# date Mon Aug 26 14:40:04 CST 2024 容器的ip地址不稳定link --link 容器名:别名 1.docker容器的ip地址是不固定的，如果要作为服务器使用，就必须能够直接访问服务，不能直接使用ip，为容器设置域名，做端口映射也能保证，确定是一旦停用之后端口被占用，就无法再次启动了 2.docker run --link 容器的名称或者id：自定义域名 3.被link容器必须处于启动状态，否则当前容器无法启动 \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker run -d --name m0 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql:latest 1c889f1939417936af1f147c390b539476447eb1bcf04ce8a676438bcca873fd \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker inspect m0 "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker run -it --name c0 --link m0:mysqldb centos:latest /bin/bash \[root@4bf632f7c6fe /\]# ping mysqldb PING mysqldb (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mysqldb (172.17.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.184 ms \[root@4bf632f7c6fe /\]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.2 mysqldb 1c889f193941 m0 172.17.0.3 4bf632f7c6fe \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker stop m0 m0 \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker run -it --name c1 centos:latest /bin/bash \[root@7fc0f9ada135 /\]# \[root@docker0 \~\]# \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker inspect c1 "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker start m0 m0 \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker inspect m0 "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker attach c0 \[root@4bf632f7c6fe /\]# ping mysqldb PING mysqldb (172.17.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mysqldb (172.17.0.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.141 ms 每次修改都修改了/etc//hosts文件 \[root@4bf632f7c6fe /\]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.4 mysqldb 1c889f193941 m0 172.17.0.3 4bf632f7c6fe 1. 在docker daemo初始状态（没有镜像的时候） /var/lib/docker不存在 2. 当docker daemon服务器启动，会自动创建docker目录 3. 在没有镜像的情况下，查看overlay2这个目录只有两个文件，管道文件，目录（管理镜像和容器的软连接目录） 4. 当我们pull一个镜像后/var/lib/docker/overlay2下就有一个新目录，这个目录就是centos的基础目录，这个新目录就是镜像，就是不可读的层 5. 当我们使用这个镜像创建一个容器，在overlay2会添加2个目录，一个是init目录，另外一个目录就是镜像的可写层 \[root@docker0 \~\]# systemctl stop docker.service \[root@docker0 \~\]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker/ \[root@docker0 \~\]# systemctl start docker \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker buildkit engine-id network plugins swarm volumes containers image overlay2 runtimes tmp \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ backingFsBlockDev l \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a1d0c7532777: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest docker.io/library/centos:latest \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ 02cd71150a75d00200a702a8790862a723a3bec9ec1e8027c2eb320906a9e6c6 backingFsBlockDev l \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker/overlay2/02cd71150a75d00200a702a8790862a723a3bec9ec1e8027c2eb320906a9e6c6 diff link \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker/overlay2/02cd71150a75d00200a702a8790862a723a3bec9ec1e8027c2eb320906a9e6c6/diff/ bin home lost+found opt run sys var dev lib media proc sbin tmp etc lib64 mnt root srv usr \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker run -it --name c0 centos:latest /bin/bash \[root@14a5325b2169 /\]# \[root@docker0 \~\]# \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ 02cd71150a75d00200a702a8790862a723a3bec9ec1e8027c2eb320906a9e6c6 aeffabaf23c400af84a96fa3c037258d5e22c59c371804119f346d2a5392d296 aeffabaf23c400af84a96fa3c037258d5e22c59c371804119f346d2a5392d296-init backingFsBlockDev l \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker/overlay2/aeffabaf23c400af84a96fa3c037258d5e22c59c371804119f346d2a5392d296 diff link lower merged work \[root@docker0 \~\]# docker exec c0 dd if=/dev/zero of=/zhangsanlisi.txt bs=10M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB, 1000 MiB) copied, 2.60088 s, 403 MB/s \[root@docker0 \~\]# ls /var/lib/docker/overlay2/aeffabaf23c400af84a96fa3c037258d5e22c59c371804119f346d2a5392d296/merged/ bin home lost+found opt run sys var dev lib media proc sbin tmp zhangsanlisi.txt etc lib64 mnt root srv usr \[root@localhost \~\]# tar --numeric-owner --exclude=/proc --exclude=/sys -cvf tjj.tar / \[root@localhost \~\]# scp tjj.tar [email protected]:\~ \[root@docker0 \~\]#docker import -m "我要去上天" tjj.tar jj:v0