stm32驱动开发与linux驱动的区别

stm32，gpio设置原理

下图，定义了gpio E的基地址，只要将这个地址强制转换成gpiotypedf的类型，解析时，结构体地址就会自增。这样就可以对不同gpio组，就像定义。

全部gpio定义，强制为结构体类型，指向这个结构体地址

他们地址偏移量，都事先定义好。

如下设置gpio模式，定义好结构体 GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure，设置好模式，只需将gpiof传给api，就可以设置到gpio f。

c 复制代码

void KEY_Init(void)
{
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStructure;

  RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA|RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOE, ENABLE);//Ê¹ÄÜGPIOA,GPIOEÊ±ÖÓ
 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_2|GPIO_Pin_3|GPIO_Pin_4; //KEY0 KEY1 KEY2¶ÔÓ¦Òý½Å
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN;//ÆÕÍ¨ÊäÈëÄ£Ê½
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;//100M
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP;//ÉÏÀ
  GPIO_Init(GPIOE, &GPIO_InitStructure);//³õÊ¼>>¯GPIOE2,3,4
	
	 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;//WK_UP¶ÔÓ¦Òý½ÅPA0
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_DOWN ;//ÏÂÀ
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);//³õÊ¼>>¯GPIOA0
 
}

c 复制代码

void GPIO_Init(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, GPIO_InitTypeDef* GPIO_InitStruct)
{
  uint32_t pinpos = 0x00, pos = 0x00 , currentpin = 0x00;

  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_ALL_PERIPH(GPIOx));
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN(GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Pin));
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_MODE(GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Mode));
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PUPD(GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_PuPd));

  /* ------------------------- Configure the port pins ---------------- */
  /*-- GPIO Mode Configuration --*/
  for (pinpos = 0x00; pinpos < 0x10; pinpos++)
  {
    pos = ((uint32_t)0x01) << pinpos;
    /* Get the port pins position */
    currentpin = (GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Pin) & pos;

    if (currentpin == pos)
    {
      GPIOx->MODER  &= ~(GPIO_MODER_MODER0 << (pinpos * 2));
      GPIOx->MODER |= (((uint32_t)GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Mode) << (pinpos * 2));

      if ((GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Mode == GPIO_Mode_OUT) || (GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Mode == GPIO_Mode_AF))
      {
        /* Check Speed mode parameters */
        assert_param(IS_GPIO_SPEED(GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Speed));

        /* Speed mode configuration */
        GPIOx->OSPEEDR &= ~(GPIO_OSPEEDER_OSPEEDR0 << (pinpos * 2));
        GPIOx->OSPEEDR |= ((uint32_t)(GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_Speed) << (pinpos * 2));

        /* Check Output mode parameters */
        assert_param(IS_GPIO_OTYPE(GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_OType));

        /* Output mode configuration*/
        GPIOx->OTYPER  &= ~((GPIO_OTYPER_OT_0) << ((uint16_t)pinpos)) ;
        GPIOx->OTYPER |= (uint16_t)(((uint16_t)GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_OType) << ((uint16_t)pinpos));
      }

      /* Pull-up Pull down resistor configuration*/
      GPIOx->PUPDR &= ~(GPIO_PUPDR_PUPDR0 << ((uint16_t)pinpos * 2));
      GPIOx->PUPDR |= (((uint32_t)GPIO_InitStruct->GPIO_PuPd) << (pinpos * 2));
    }
  }
}

c 复制代码

void GPIO_SetBits(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_ALL_PERIPH(GPIOx));
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN(GPIO_Pin));

  GPIOx->BSRRL = GPIO_Pin;
}

如下，也是可以直接这样设置的，不需传gpiox

由于不止一种gpio结构体属性，由是定义了很多结构体，描述不同属性

c 复制代码

typedef struct
{
  __IO uint32_t CR;       /*!< DCMI control register 1,                       Address offset: 0x00 */
  __IO uint32_t SR;       /*!< DCMI status register,                          Address offset: 0x04 */
  __IO uint32_t RISR;     /*!< DCMI raw interrupt status register,            Address offset: 0x08 */
  __IO uint32_t IER;      /*!< DCMI interrupt enable register,                Address offset: 0x0C */
  __IO uint32_t MISR;     /*!< DCMI masked interrupt status register,         Address offset: 0x10 */
  __IO uint32_t ICR;      /*!< DCMI interrupt clear register,                 Address offset: 0x14 */
  __IO uint32_t ESCR;     /*!< DCMI embedded synchronization code register,   Address offset: 0x18 */
  __IO uint32_t ESUR;     /*!< DCMI embedded synchronization unmask register, Address offset: 0x1C */
  __IO uint32_t CWSTRTR;  /*!< DCMI crop window start,                        Address offset: 0x20 */
  __IO uint32_t CWSIZER;  /*!< DCMI crop window size,                         Address offset: 0x24 */
  __IO uint32_t DR;       /*!< DCMI data register,                            Address offset: 0x28 */
} DCMI_TypeDef;

/** 
  * @brief DMA Controller
  */

typedef struct
{
  __IO uint32_t CR;     /*!< DMA stream x configuration register      */
  __IO uint32_t NDTR;   /*!< DMA stream x number of data register     */
  __IO uint32_t PAR;    /*!< DMA stream x peripheral address register */
  __IO uint32_t M0AR;   /*!< DMA stream x memory 0 address register   */
  __IO uint32_t M1AR;   /*!< DMA stream x memory 1 address register   */
  __IO uint32_t FCR;    /*!< DMA stream x FIFO control register       */
} DMA_Stream_TypeDef;

typedef struct
{
  __IO uint32_t LISR;   /*!< DMA low interrupt status register,      Address offset: 0x00 */
  __IO uint32_t HISR;   /*!< DMA high interrupt status register,     Address offset: 0x04 */
  __IO uint32_t LIFCR;  /*!< DMA low interrupt flag clear register,  Address offset: 0x08 */
  __IO uint32_t HIFCR;  /*!< DMA high interrupt flag clear register, Address offset: 0x0C */
} DMA_T

2、stm32和arm linux一样，将中断进行编号

c 复制代码

typedef enum IRQn
{
/******  Cortex-M4 Processor Exceptions Numbers ****************************************************************/
  NonMaskableInt_IRQn         = -14,    /*!< 2 Non Maskable Interrupt                                          */
  MemoryManagement_IRQn       = -12,    /*!< 4 Cortex-M4 Memory Management Interrupt                           */
  BusFault_IRQn               = -11,    /*!< 5 Cortex-M4 Bus Fault Interrupt                                   */
  UsageFault_IRQn             = -10,    /*!< 6 Cortex-M4 Usage Fault Interrupt                                 */
  SVCall_IRQn                 = -5,     /*!< 11 Cortex-M4 SV Call Interrupt                                    */
  DebugMonitor_IRQn           = -4,     /*!< 12 Cortex-M4 Debug Monitor Interrupt                              */
  PendSV_IRQn                 = -2,     /*!< 14 Cortex-M4 Pend SV Interrupt                                    */
  SysTick_IRQn                = -1,     /*!< 15 Cortex-M4 System Tick Interrupt                                */
/******  STM32 specific Interrupt Numbers **********************************************************************/
  WWDG_IRQn                   = 0,      /*!< Window WatchDog Interrupt                                         */
  PVD_IRQn                    = 1,      /*!< PVD through EXTI Line detection Interrupt                         */
  TAMP_STAMP_IRQn             = 2,      /*!< Tamper and TimeStamp interrupts through the EXTI line             */
  RTC_WKUP_IRQn               = 3,      /*!< RTC Wakeup interrupt through the EXTI line                        */
  FLASH_IRQn                  = 4,      /*!< FLASH global Interrupt                                            */
  RCC_IRQn                    = 5,      /*!< RCC global Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI0_IRQn                  = 6,      /*!< EXTI Line0 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI1_IRQn                  = 7,      /*!< EXTI Line1 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI2_IRQn                  = 8,      /*!< EXTI Line2 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI3_IRQn                  = 9,      /*!< EXTI Line3 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI4_IRQn                  = 10,     /*!< EXTI Line4 Interrupt                                              */
  DMA1_Stream0_IRQn           = 11,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 0 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream1_IRQn           = 12,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 1 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream2_IRQn           = 13,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 2 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream3_IRQn           = 14,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 3 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream4_IRQn           = 15,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 4 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream5_IRQn           = 16,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 5 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream6_IRQn           = 17,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 6 global Interrupt                                    */
  ADC_IRQn                    = 18,     /*!< ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3 global Interrupts                             */

#if defined (STM32F40_41xxx)
  CAN1_TX_IRQn                = 19,     /*!< CAN1 TX Interrupt                                                 */
  CAN1_RX0_IRQn               = 20,     /*!< CAN1 RX0 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN1_RX1_IRQn               = 21,     /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN1_SCE_IRQn               = 22,     /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt                                                */
  EXTI9_5_IRQn                = 23,     /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts                                     */
  TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQn          = 24,     /*!< TIM1 Break interrupt and TIM9 global interrupt                    */
  TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn          = 25,     /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt and TIM10 global interrupt                  */
  TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQn     = 26,     /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM11 global interrupt */
  TIM1_CC_IRQn                = 27,     /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt                                    */
  TIM2_IRQn                   = 28,     /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt                                             */
  TIM3_IRQn                   = 29,     /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt                                             */
  TIM4_IRQn                   = 30,     /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt                                             */
  I2C1_EV_IRQn                = 31,     /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt                                              */
  I2C1_ER_IRQn                = 32,     /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt                                              */
  I2C2_EV_IRQn                = 33,     /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt                                              */
  I2C2_ER_IRQn                = 34,     /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt                                              */
  SPI1_IRQn                   = 35,     /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt                                             */
  SPI2_IRQn                   = 36,     /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt                                             */
  USART1_IRQn                 = 37,     /*!< USART1 global Interrupt                                           */
  USART2_IRQn                 = 38,     /*!< USART2 global Interrupt                                           */
  USART3_IRQn                 = 39,     /*!< USART3 global Interrupt                                           */
  EXTI15_10_IRQn              = 40,     /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts                                   */
  RTC_Alarm_IRQn              = 41,     /*!< RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line Interrupt                   */
  OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQn            = 42,     /*!< USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line interrupt                     */
  TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQn         = 43,     /*!< TIM8 Break Interrupt and TIM12 global interrupt                   */
  TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQn          = 44,     /*!< TIM8 Update Interrupt and TIM13 global interrupt                  */
  TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQn     = 45,     /*!< TIM8 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM14 global interrupt */
  TIM8_CC_IRQn                = 46,     /*!< TIM8 Capture Compare Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream7_IRQn           = 47,     /*!< DMA1 Stream7 Interrupt                                            */
  FSMC_IRQn                   = 48,     /*!< FSMC global Interrupt                                             */
  SDIO_IRQn                   = 49,     /*!< SDIO global Interrupt                                             */
  TIM5_IRQn                   = 50,     /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt                                             */
  SPI3_IRQn                   = 51,     /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt                                             */
  UART4_IRQn                  = 52,     /*!< UART4 global Interrupt                                            */
  UART5_IRQn                  = 53,     /*!< UART5 global Interrupt                                            */
  TIM6_DAC_IRQn               = 54,     /*!< TIM6 global and DAC1&2 underrun error  interrupts                 */
  TIM7_IRQn                   = 55,     /*!< TIM7 global interrupt                                             */
  DMA2_Stream0_IRQn           = 56,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 0 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream1_IRQn           = 57,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 1 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream2_IRQn           = 58,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 2 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream3_IRQn           = 59,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 3 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream4_IRQn           = 60,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 4 global Interrupt                                    */
  ETH_IRQn                    = 61,     /*!< Ethernet global Interrupt                                         */
  ETH_WKUP_IRQn               = 62,     /*!< Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line Interrupt                       */
  CAN2_TX_IRQn                = 63,     /*!< CAN2 TX Interrupt                                                 */
  CAN2_RX0_IRQn               = 64,     /*!< CAN2 RX0 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN2_RX1_IRQn               = 65,     /*!< CAN2 RX1 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN2_SCE_IRQn               = 66,     /*!< CAN2 SCE Interrupt                                                */
  OTG_FS_IRQn                 = 67,     /*!< USB OTG FS global Interrupt                                       */
  DMA2_Stream5_IRQn           = 68,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 5 global interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream6_IRQn           = 69,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 6 global interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream7_IRQn           = 70,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 7 global interrupt                                    */
  USART6_IRQn                 = 71,     /*!< USART6 global interrupt                                           */
  I2C3_EV_IRQn                = 72,     /*!< I2C3 event interrupt                                              */
  I2C3_ER_IRQn                = 73,     /*!< I2C3 error interrupt                                              */
  OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQn         = 74,     /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out global interrupt                       */
  OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQn          = 75,     /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 In global interrupt                        */
  OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQn            = 76,     /*!< USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI interrupt                          */
  OTG_HS_IRQn                 = 77,     /*!< USB OTG HS global interrupt                                       */
  DCMI_IRQn                   = 78,     /*!< DCMI global interrupt                                             */
  CRYP_IRQn                   = 79,     /*!< CRYP crypto global interrupt                                      */
  HASH_RNG_IRQn               = 80,     /*!< Hash and Rng global interrupt                                     */
  FPU_IRQn

arm linux驱动开发也是一样的，这部分寄存器定义，由芯片厂商完成，驱动移植者，只需要调用设置就可以了。stm32只是没有操作系统，来管理应用程序，驱动，linux有操作系统，进程管理，来调度驱动。

stm32官方定义好的gpio设置api

c 复制代码

void GPIO_Write(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t PortVal)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_ALL_PERIPH(GPIOx));

  GPIOx->ODR = PortVal;
}

c 复制代码

  */
uint16_t GPIO_ReadOutputData(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_ALL_PERIPH(GPIOx));

  return ((uint16_t)GPIOx->ODR);
}

c 复制代码

void GPIO_SetBits(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_ALL_PERIPH(GPIOx));
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN(GPIO_Pin));

  GPIOx->BSRRL = GPIO_Pin;
}

c 复制代码

void GPIO_ResetBits(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_ALL_PERIPH(GPIOx));
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN(GPIO_Pin));

  GPIOx->BSRRH = GPIO_Pin;
}

其实linux也是一样的，这部分有linux官方已经定义好统一的接口，芯片厂商，调用接口，对接自己的gpio，寄存器，设置好就可以了。

有些不按gpio的标准写驱动，和stm32一样，直接操作寄存器。