mysql-搭建主从复制

丁总学Java2024-09-14 7:10

文章目录

mysql集群：
单台设备的负载压力：主从复制
集群：分摊访问压力和存储压力
需求：使用 3306 mysql当作主， 3316 mysql 当作从，在3306中对 mydb2/mydb3 数据库所有的操作，希望能够主从复制同步到3316，其他的数据库操作不同步。

1、准备主服务器

shell 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                       COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS      PORTS                                                                                  
ab66508d9441   mysql:8                     "docker-entrypoint.s..."   8 months ago   Up 9 days   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                                   spzx-mysql

此时我已经有一个主服务器 spzx-mysql

2、准备从服务器

sh 复制代码 
docker run -d \
-p 3316:3306 \
-v mysql-slave1-conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v mysql-slave1-data:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
--name atguigu-mysql-slave1 \
mysql:8
cpp 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                       COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
c236f876ae40   mysql:8                     "docker-entrypoint.s..."   10 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3316->3306/tcp, :::3316->3306/tcp                                   atguigu-mysql-slave1
ab66508d9441   mysql:8                     "docker-entrypoint.s..."   8 months ago     Up 9 days      0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                                   spzx-mysql

3、主库配置

  1. 先在主mysql中配置 记录mydb2/mydb3库的操作日志到binlog日志文件中
    -- 主库写操作会按照配置记录到二进制文件中（binlog）
    -- 主库需要创建一个从账户并分配可以读取binlog日志的权限
  2. 在从mysql中配置中继日志文件，用来保存读取到的mysql主的 binlog 日志
    -- 从库可以开启主从复制，从指定的主库的binlog文件中加载日志缓存到自己的relaylog文件中，最后通过一个sql线程将relaylog文件中的日志replay到自己的库表中
    -- 从库需要使用主库提供的账号和主库的binlog文件建立连接

3.1、创建MySQL主服务器配置文件：

sh 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect spzx-mysql
cpp 复制代码 
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "mysql_conf",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql_conf/_data",
                "Destination": "/etc/mysql",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "z",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            },
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "mysql_data",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql_data/_data",
                "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "z",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
sh 复制代码 
[root@localhost _data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql_conf/_data
[root@localhost _data]# ll
总用量 8
drwxrwxr-x. 2 root root   41 12月 26 2023 conf.d
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 1080 12月 21 2021 my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1448 9月  28 2021 my.cnf.fallback
sh 复制代码 
[root@localhost _data]# vim my.cnf

配置如下内容：

sh 复制代码 
[mysqld]
# 服务器唯一id，默认值1
server-id=1
# 设置日志格式，默认值ROW。row（记录行数据）  statement（记录sql）  mixed（混合模式）
binlog_format=STATEMENT
# 二进制日志名，默认binlog
# log-bin=binlog
log-bin=spzxbinlog
# 设置需要复制的数据库，默认复制全部数据库
binlog-do-db=mydb2
binlog-do-db=mydb3
# 设置不需要复制的数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mydb4
#binlog-ignore-db=infomation_schema
cpp 复制代码 
[root@localhost _data]# docker restart spzx-mysql
spzx-mysql
cpp 复制代码 
[root@localhost _data]# ll ../../mysql_data/_data/

4、从库配置

cpp 复制代码 
[root@localhost _data]# docker inspect atguigu-mysql-slave1
cpp 复制代码 
vim /var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql-slave1-conf/_data/my.cnf

配置如下内容：

cpp 复制代码 
[mysqld]
# 服务器唯一id，每台服务器的id必须不同，如果配置其他从机，注意修改id
server-id=2
# 中继日志名，默认xxxxxxxxxxxx-relay-bin
#relay-log=relay-bin
cpp 复制代码 
[root@localhost _data]# docker restart atguigu-mysql-slave1 
atguigu-mysql-slave1

5、搭建主从&测试

5.1、使用命令行登录MySQL主服务器

sh 复制代码 
[root@localhost _data]# docker exec -it spzx-mysql /bin/bash
root@ab66508d9441:/# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

5.2、主机中查询master状态：

cpp 复制代码 
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| spzxbinlog.000001 |      156 | mydb2,mydb3  | mydb4            |                   |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

5.3、从机中查询slave状态：

sh 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it atguigu-mysql-slave1 /bin/bash
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
root@c236f876ae40:/# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
cpp 复制代码 
mysql> show slave status;
Empty set, 1 warning (0.02 sec)

从库必须和主库主动建立连接 开启自己的sql和io线程

5.4、主机中创建slave用户：

sql 复制代码 
-- 创建slave用户
CREATE USER 'atguigu_slave'@'%';
-- 设置密码
ALTER USER 'atguigu_slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
-- 授予复制权限
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'atguigu_slave'@'%';
-- 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
cpp 复制代码 
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| spzxbinlog.000001 |     1074 | mydb2,mydb3  | mydb4            |                   |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5.5、在从机上配置主从关系：

sql 复制代码 
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.74.148', 
MASTER_USER='atguigu_slave',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='spzxbinlog.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1074;
sql 复制代码 
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.74.148', 
    -> MASTER_USER='atguigu_slave',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_PORT=3306,
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='spzxbinlog.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1074; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.05 sec)
cpp 复制代码 
mysql> show slave status;
+----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| Slave_IO_State | Master_Host    | Master_User   | Master_Port | Connect_Retry | Master_Log_File   | Read_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_File                | Relay_Log_Pos | Relay_Master_Log_File | Slave_IO_Running | Slave_SQL_Running | Replicate_Do_DB | Replicate_Ignore_DB | Replicate_Do_Table | Replicate_Ignore_Table | Replicate_Wild_Do_Table | Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table | Last_Errno | Last_Error | Skip_Counter | Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_Space | Until_Condition | Until_Log_File | Until_Log_Pos | Master_SSL_Allowed | Master_SSL_CA_File | Master_SSL_CA_Path | Master_SSL_Cert | Master_SSL_Cipher | Master_SSL_Key | Seconds_Behind_Master | Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert | Last_IO_Errno | Last_IO_Error | Last_SQL_Errno | Last_SQL_Error | Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids | Master_Server_Id | Master_UUID | Master_Info_File        | SQL_Delay | SQL_Remaining_Delay | Slave_SQL_Running_State | Master_Retry_Count | Master_Bind | Last_IO_Error_Timestamp | Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp | Master_SSL_Crl | Master_SSL_Crlpath | Retrieved_Gtid_Set | Executed_Gtid_Set | Auto_Position | Replicate_Rewrite_DB | Channel_Name | Master_TLS_Version | Master_public_key_path | Get_master_public_key | Network_Namespace |
+----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
|                | 192.168.74.148 | atguigu_slave |        3306 |            60 | spzxbinlog.000001 |                1074 | c236f876ae40-relay-bin.000001 |             4 | spzxbinlog.000001     | No               | No                |                 |                     |                    |                        |                         |                             |          0 |            |            0 |                1074 |             156 | None            |                |             0 | No                 |                    |                    |                 |                   |                |                  NULL | No                            |             0 |               |              0 |                |                             |                0 |             | mysql.slave_master_info |         0 |                NULL |                         |              86400 |             |                         |                          |                |                    |                    |                   |             0 |                      |              |                    |                        |                     0 |                   |
+----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

5.6、启动从库的io和sql线程：都启动成功主从才搭建成功

sql 复制代码 
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
cpp 复制代码 
mysql> show slave status;
+----------------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| Slave_IO_State                   | Master_Host    | Master_User   | Master_Port | Connect_Retry | Master_Log_File   | Read_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_File                | Relay_Log_Pos | Relay_Master_Log_File | Slave_IO_Running | Slave_SQL_Running | Replicate_Do_DB | Replicate_Ignore_DB | Replicate_Do_Table | Replicate_Ignore_Table | Replicate_Wild_Do_Table | Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table | Last_Errno | Last_Error | Skip_Counter | Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_Space | Until_Condition | Until_Log_File | Until_Log_Pos | Master_SSL_Allowed | Master_SSL_CA_File | Master_SSL_CA_Path | Master_SSL_Cert | Master_SSL_Cipher | Master_SSL_Key | Seconds_Behind_Master | Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert | Last_IO_Errno | Last_IO_Error | Last_SQL_Errno | Last_SQL_Error | Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids | Master_Server_Id | Master_UUID                          | Master_Info_File        | SQL_Delay | SQL_Remaining_Delay | Slave_SQL_Running_State                                  | Master_Retry_Count | Master_Bind | Last_IO_Error_Timestamp | Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp | Master_SSL_Crl | Master_SSL_Crlpath | Retrieved_Gtid_Set | Executed_Gtid_Set | Auto_Position | Replicate_Rewrite_DB | Channel_Name | Master_TLS_Version | Master_public_key_path | Get_master_public_key | Network_Namespace |
+----------------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| Waiting for source to send event | 192.168.74.148 | atguigu_slave |        3306 |            60 | spzxbinlog.000001 |                1074 | c236f876ae40-relay-bin.000002 |           325 | spzxbinlog.000001     | Yes              | Yes               |                 |                     |                    |                        |                         |                             |          0 |            |            0 |                1074 |             541 | None            |                |             0 | No                 |                    |                    |                 |                   |                |                     0 | No                            |             0 |               |              0 |                |                             |                1 | af98f4d4-a3ca-11ee-b194-0242ac110002 | mysql.slave_master_info |         0 |                NULL | Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates |              86400 |             |                         |                          |                |                    |                    |                   |             0 |                      |              |                    |                        |                     0 |                   |
+----------------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

6、在3306主机上创建mydb1


此时刷新3316从数据库，发现没有mydb1

7、在3306主机上创建mydb2

此时刷新3316从数据库，发现从机复制了主机中的mydb2数据库到从机中

8、在3306主机上创建mydb3

9、在3306主机上创建mydb4

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