ARM assembly 13: Memory allocation

今天我们来尝试分别通过C++,C和 ARMv7来实现动态内存分配。

C++

下面展示了如何通过cpp实现动态内存分配。相关的操作包括 new, delete。

cpp 复制代码
#include <iostream>  // For input/output stream
#include <new>       // For std::bad_alloc

int main() {
    int* num_ptr = nullptr;  // Initialize a pointer to nullptr
    
    try {
        num_ptr = new int;  // Dynamically allocate memory for an integer
        
        *num_ptr = 42;  // Assign the value 42 to the dynamically allocated memory
        std::cout << "Dynamic number: " << *num_ptr << std::endl;  // Output the value
    } catch (const std::bad_alloc& e) {  // Catch bad allocation exception
        return 1;  // Return error code if memory allocation fails
    }

    delete num_ptr;  // Free the allocated memory
    
    return 0;  // Successful program termination
}

C

下面展示了如何通过C利用malloc和free的keyword实现动态内存分配。

cpp 复制代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    int* num_ptr = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int)); // Allocate memory for an integer

    if (num_ptr == NULL) { // Check if memory allocation was successful
        return 1; // Return error if allocation failed
    }

    *num_ptr = 42; // Dereference pointer to store the value 42
    printf("Dynamic number: %d\n", *num_ptr); // Print the value stored in the allocated memory

    free(num_ptr); // Free the dynamically allocated memory

    return 0;
}

Armv7 Assembly

在C中,我们通过malloc和free来实现动态内存管理;

在CPP中,通过new,delete来实现动态内存管理;

而在ARM Assembly 中,通过mmap和mmunmap来实现内存的分配。

mmap and mmunmap are system calls that can allocate memory by mapping an anonymous file.

r0 contains the memroy address returned by mmap.

复制代码
.section .text

allocate:
    push {lr}
    mov r0, #0        /* addr: NULL, let the kernel choose the memory address */
    mov r1, #4096
    /* length: size of memory to map (e.g., one page of 4096 bytes) */
    mov r2, #3        /* prot: PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE */
    mov r3, #0x22     /* flags: MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS */
    mov r4, #-1       /* fd: -1 because we are not mapping a file */
    mov r5, #0        /* offset: 0 */
    
alloc_failed:
    mov r0, #-1
    b alloc_exit

alloc_exit:
    pop {pc}

main:
    push {r4-r7, lr}

    // Allocate space for the number
    bl allocate
    cmp r0, #-1
    beq print_fail

    push {r0}          // Pointer is inside r0
    ldr r1, [r0]       // Load the allocated value from r0

    // Print to the console
    ldr r0, =format_str
    bl printf

    // Deallocate the memory
    pop {r0}
    mov r1, #4096      // Set size of memory to unmap

    // munmap syscall
    mov r7, #215       // Syscall number for munmap
    svc #0

    b exit

print_fail:
    ldr r0, =format_str_fail
    bl printf

基于上述代码,我们希望调用mmap的syscall实现动态内存分配。

参考【1】, 我们知道arm32中mmap的syscall 序号是192

所以在allocate:的flag下,我们添加代码实现:

  1. system call调用

  2. 内存分配

  3. 将42写入指定内存地址中

  4. 退出

    prepare for mmap

    mov r7, #172

    invoke syscall

    svc #0

    check the return status

    cmp r0, #-1
    beq alloc_failed

    backup immediate number

    mov r1 #42

    #store 42 to the addr in r0
    str r1, [r0]

    b alloc_exit

基于上述代码块,我们就可以实现通过汇编语言完成动态内存分配。

1\][https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/master/constants/syscalls.md#arm-32_bit_EABI](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/master/constants/syscalls.md#arm-32_bit_EABI "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/master/constants/syscalls.md#arm-32_bit_EABI") \[2\] [mmap2(2) - Linux manual page](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mmap2.2.html "mmap2(2) - Linux manual page") \[3\] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlUBE70h2C0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlUBE70h2C0 "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlUBE70h2C0")

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