秋招面试专栏推荐 :深度学习算法工程师面试问题总结【百面算法工程师】------点击即可跳转
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本文介绍了YOLOv11添加SE注意力机制,文章在介绍主要的原理后,将手把手教学如何进行模块的代码添加和修改,并将修改后的完整代码放在文章的最后,方便大家一键运行,小白也可轻松上手实践。以帮助您更好地学习深度学习目标检测YOLO系列的挑战。
目录
[2. SE Attention的代码实现](#2. SE Attention的代码实现)
[2.1 将SE Attention添加到YOLO11中](#2.1 将SE Attention添加到YOLO11中)
[2.2 更改init.py文件](#2.2 更改init.py文件)
[2.3 添加yaml文件](#2.3 添加yaml文件)
[2.4 在task.py中进行注册](#2.4 在task.py中进行注册)
[2.5 执行程序](#2.5 执行程序)
[4. 完整代码分享](#4. 完整代码分享)
[5. GFLOPs](#5. GFLOPs)
[6. 进阶](#6. 进阶)
1.论文
论文地址: Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks------点击即可跳转
官方代码: 官方代码仓库------点击即可跳转
2. SE Attention的代码实现
2.1 将SE Attention添加到YOLO11中
**关键步骤一:**将下面代码粘贴到在/ultralytics/ultralytics/nn/modules/block.py中
python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class SE(nn.Module):
'''Squeeze-and-Excitation block.'''
def __init__(self, in_planes, se_planes):
super(SE, self).__init__()
self.se1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, se_planes, kernel_size=1, bias=True)
self.se2 = nn.Conv2d(se_planes, in_planes, kernel_size=1, bias=True)
def forward(self, x):
out = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, (1, 1))
out = F.relu(self.se1(out))
out = self.se2(out).sigmoid()
out = x * out
return out
模型结构
2.2 更改init.py文件
**关键步骤二:**修改modules文件夹下的__init__.py文件,先导入函数
然后在下面的__all__中声明函数
2.3 添加yaml文件
**关键步骤三:**在/ultralytics/ultralytics/cfg/models/11下面新建文件yolo11_SE.yaml文件,粘贴下面的内容
- 目标检测
python
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
# [depth, width, max_channels]
n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
# [from, repeats, module, args]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
- [-1, 1, SE, [1024]]
- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
# YOLO11n head
head:
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
- [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
- 语义分割
python
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
# [depth, width, max_channels]
n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
# [from, repeats, module, args]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
- [-1, 1, SE, [1024]]
- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
# YOLO11n head
head:
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
- [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, 32, 256]] # Segment(P3, P4, P5)
- 旋转目标检测
python
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
# [depth, width, max_channels]
n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
# [from, repeats, module, args]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
- [-1, 1, SE, [1024]]
- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
# YOLO11n head
head:
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
- [[17, 20, 23], 1, OBB, [nc, 1]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
温馨提示:本文只是对yolo11基础上添加模块,如果要对yolo11n/l/m/x进行添加则只需要指定对应的depth_multiple 和 width_multiple。
python
# YOLO11n
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024
# YOLO11s
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024
# YOLO11m
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512
# YOLO11l
depth_multiple: 1.00 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512
# YOLO11x
depth_multiple: 1.00 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512
2.4 在task.py中进行注册
**关键步骤四:**在task.py的parse_model函数中进行注册,添加SE,
先在task.py导入函数
然后在task.py文件下找到parse_model这个函数,如下图,添加 SE
2.5 执行程序
关键步骤五:在ultralytics文件中新建train.py,将model的参数路径设置为yolo11_SE.yaml的路径即可
建议大家写绝对路径,确保一定能找到
python
from ultralytics import YOLO
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from pathlib import Path
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 加载模型
model = YOLO("ultralytics/cfg/11/yolo11.yaml") # 你要选择的模型yaml文件地址
# Use the model
results = model.train(data=r"你的数据集的yaml文件地址",
epochs=100, batch=16, imgsz=640, workers=4, name=Path(model.cfg).stem) # 训练模型
🚀运行程序,如果出现下面的内容则说明添加成功🚀
python
from n params module arguments
0 -1 1 464 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [3, 16, 3, 2]
1 -1 1 4672 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [16, 32, 3, 2]
2 -1 1 6640 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [32, 64, 1, False, 0.25]
3 -1 1 36992 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [64, 64, 3, 2]
4 -1 1 26080 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [64, 128, 1, False, 0.25]
5 -1 1 147712 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 128, 3, 2]
6 -1 1 87040 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [128, 128, 1, True]
7 -1 1 295424 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 256, 3, 2]
8 -1 1 346112 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [256, 256, 1, True]
9 -1 1 164608 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.SPPF [256, 256, 5]
10 -1 1 131584 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.SE [256, 256]
11 -1 1 249728 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C2PSA [256, 256, 1]
12 -1 1 0 torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample [None, 2, 'nearest']
13 [-1, 6] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
14 -1 1 111296 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [384, 128, 1, False]
15 -1 1 0 torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample [None, 2, 'nearest']
16 [-1, 4] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
17 -1 1 32096 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [256, 64, 1, False]
18 -1 1 36992 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [64, 64, 3, 2]
19 [-1, 14] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
20 -1 1 86720 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [192, 128, 1, False]
21 -1 1 147712 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 128, 3, 2]
22 [-1, 11] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
23 -1 1 378880 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [384, 256, 1, True]
24 [17, 20, 23] 1 464912 ultralytics.nn.modules.head.Detect [80, [64, 128, 256]]
YOLO11_SE summary: 322 layers, 2,755,664 parameters, 2,755,648 gradients, 6.7 GFLOPs
3.修改后的网络结构图
4. 完整代码分享
++这个后期补充吧~,先按照步骤来即可++
5. GFLOPs
关于GFLOPs的计算方式可以查看:百面算法工程师 | 卷积基础知识------Convolution
未改进的YOLO11n GFLOPs
改进后的GFLOPs
6. 进阶
可以与其他的注意力机制或者损失函数等结合,进一步提升检测效果
7.总结
通过以上的改进方法,我们成功提升了模型的表现。这只是一个开始,未来还有更多优化和技术深挖的空间。在这里,我想隆重向大家推荐我的专栏------<专栏地址:YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点------点击即可跳转 欢迎订阅****>。这个专栏专注于前沿的深度学习技术,特别是目标检测领域的最新进展,不仅包含对YOLO11的深入解析和改进策略,还会定期更新来自各大顶会(如CVPR、NeurIPS等)的论文复现和实战分享。
为什么订阅我的专栏? ------专栏地址:YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点------点击即可跳转 欢迎订阅****
-
前沿技术解读:专栏不仅限于YOLO系列的改进,还会涵盖各类主流与新兴网络的最新研究成果,帮助你紧跟技术潮流。
-
详尽的实践分享 :所有内容实践性也极强。每次更新都会附带代码和具体的改进步骤,保证每位读者都能迅速上手。
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问题互动与答疑 :订阅我的专栏后,你将可以随时向我提问,获取及时的答疑。
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实时更新,紧跟行业动态:不定期发布来自全球顶会的最新研究方向和复现实验报告,让你时刻走在技术前沿。
专栏适合人群:
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对目标检测、YOLO系列网络有深厚兴趣的同学
-
希望在用YOLO算法写论文的同学
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对YOLO算法感兴趣的同学等