裸机Debian 11初始化步骤
1. 更新APT的镜像,加快APT下载速度
使用阿里云镜像替换默认的Debian源,加速软件包下载:
bash
sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
apt update
2. 安装SSHD以便远程访问
首先更新APT包管理器并安装openssh-server
:
bash
apt update
apt install openssh-server
接着备份并修改sshd
配置文件以允许root登录和密码认证:
bash
sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak
echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
echo "PasswordAuthentication yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
为root用户设置密码:
bash
passwd root
创建运行目录并设置权限:
bash
mkdir -p /run/sshd
chmod 0755 /run/sshd
启动sshd
服务:
bash
nohup /usr/sbin/sshd -e &
如果之前登录过并且需要清除旧的SSH密钥:
bash
ssh-keygen -R xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
连接到SSHD服务:
bash
ssh root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
3. Debian 11安装CUDA和NVIDIA驱动
首先更新系统并安装必备工具:
bash
apt update && apt install sudo -y
apt install gcc g++ cmake pkg-config linux-headers* wget kmod
安装NVIDIA驱动
如果没有NVIDIA驱动,下载并运行NVIDIA驱动程序:
bash
wget https://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/530.30.02/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-530.30.02.run
sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-530.30.02.run
如遇以下错误:
text
ERROR: Unable to find the module utility `modprobe`; please make sure you have the package 'module-init-tools' or 'kmod' installed. If you do have 'module-init-tools' or 'kmod' installed, then please check that `modprobe` is in your PATH.
解决方法是安装kmod
:
bash
apt install kmod -y
安装CUDA
下载并安装CUDA:
bash
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.1.0/local_installers/cuda_12.1.0_530.30.02_linux.run
sudo sh cuda_12.1.0_530.30.02_linux.run
配置环境变量:
bash
vim ~/.bashrc
在文件末尾添加以下内容:
bash
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-12.1/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda-12.1/lib64
使配置生效:
bash
source ~/.bashrc
验证CUDA安装:
bash
nvcc -V
4. 安装Conda
下载并安装Miniconda:
bash
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
添加清华镜像源:
bash
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
5. 安装Git及Git LFS
使用APT安装Git和Git LFS:
bash
apt install git
apt install git-lfs
6. 使用PIP安装相关依赖
使用PIP安装以下依赖包:
bash
pip install xxx