通过 Twitter Token 实现授权与操作
在社交媒体平台中，Twitter 是一个极具影响力的网络，开发者可以通过 Twitter API 实现各种自动化操作，如发布推文、点赞和转发等。本文将介绍如何使用 Python 和 requests 库，结合 Twitter OAuth 2.0 授权流程，实现对 Twitter API 的操作。
1. 环境准备
确保安装了所需的库：
bash
pip install requests fake_useragent curl-cffi loguru2. Twitter_Sync 类的构建
我们创建一个 Twitter_Sync 类，用于处理与 Twitter API 的交互和授权。
python
import requests
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
from curl_cffi.requests import Session
from loguru import logger
import time
import urllib.parse
import uuid
ua=UserAgent()
class Twitter_Sync:
def __init__(self, auth_token):
self.auth_token = auth_token
defaulf_cookies = {
"auth_token": auth_token,
}
bearer_token = "Bearer AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANRILgAAAAAAnNwIzUejRCOuH5E6I8xnZz4puTs%3D1Zv7ttfk8LF81IUq16cHjhLTvJu4FA33AGWWjCpTnA"
defaulf_headers = {
"authority": "x.com",
"origin": "https://x.com",
"x-twitter-active-user": "yes",
"x-twitter-client-language": "en",
"authorization": bearer_token,
"user-agent":ua.edge,
"x-client-uuid":str(uuid.uuid4())
}
self.Twitter = Session(headers=defaulf_headers, cookies=defaulf_cookies, timeout=120,impersonate='edge99')
self.X = Session(headers=defaulf_headers, cookies=defaulf_cookies, timeout=120,impersonate='edge99')
self.auth_code = None
self.auth_success = False # 增加标志位记录授权是否成功
self.init_ct0()
def init_ct0(self):
response=self.Twitter.get('https://twitter.com/i/api/2/oauth2/authorize')
self.Twitter.headers.update({"x-csrf-token": self.Twitter.cookies["ct0"]})
response=self.X.get('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/Yka-W8dz7RaEuQNkroPkYw/UserByScreenName')
self.X.headers.update({"x-csrf-token": self.X.cookies["ct0"]})
def get_auth_codeV2(self, client_id, state, code_challenge,redirect_uri,scope,code_challenge_method='plain',response_type='code'):
# 如果已经授权成功，直接返回 True，不再进行授权
if self.auth_success:
logger.info(f'{self.auth_token} 已成功授权，跳过重新授权')
return True
try:
params = {
'code_challenge': urllib.parse.unquote(code_challenge),
'code_challenge_method': urllib.parse.unquote(code_challenge_method),
'client_id': urllib.parse.unquote(client_id),
'redirect_uri': urllib.parse.unquote(redirect_uri),
'response_type': urllib.parse.unquote(response_type),
'scope': urllib.parse.unquote(scope),
'state': state
}
response = self.Twitter.get('https://twitter.com/i/api/2/oauth2/authorize', params=params)
if "code" in response.json() and response.json()["code"] == 353:
self.Twitter.headers.update({"x-csrf-token": response.cookies["ct0"]})
logger.warning(f'{response.json()}')
return self.get_auth_codeV2(client_id, state, code_challenge,redirect_uri,scope,code_challenge_method,response_type)
elif response.status_code == 429:
time.sleep(5)
return self.get_auth_codeV2(client_id, state, code_challenge,redirect_uri,scope,code_challenge_method,response_type)
elif 'auth_code' in response.json():
self.auth_code = response.json()['auth_code']
return True
logger.error(f'{self.auth_token} 获取auth_code失败')
return False
except Exception as e:
logger.error(e)
return False
def twitter_authorizeV1(self,authenticity_token, oauth_token):
# 如果已经授权成功，直接返回 True，不再进行授权
if self.auth_success:
logger.info(f'{self.auth_token} 已成功授权，跳过重新授权')
return True
try:
data = {
'authenticity_token': authenticity_token,
'redirect_after_login': f'https://api.x.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token={oauth_token}',
'oauth_token': oauth_token,
}
response = self.Twitter.post('https://x.com/oauth/authorize', data=data)
if 'redirect_uri' in response.text:
self.auth_success = True # 授权成功，设置标志位
return True
elif response.status_code == 429:
time.sleep(5)
return self.twitter_authorizeV1(authenticity_token, oauth_token)
logger.error(f'{self.auth_token} 推特授权失败')
return False
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'{self.auth_token} 推特授权异常：{e}')
return False
def twitter_authorizeV2(self, client_id, state, code_challenge,redirect_uri,scope,code_challenge_method='plain',response_type='code'):
# 如果已经授权成功，直接返回 True，不再进行授权
if self.auth_success:
logger.info(f'{self.auth_token} 已成功授权，跳过重新授权')
return True
try:
if not self.get_auth_codeV2(client_id, state, code_challenge,redirect_uri,scope,code_challenge_method,response_type):
return False
data = {
'approval': 'true',
'code': self.auth_code,
}
response = self.Twitter.post('https://twitter.com/i/api/2/oauth2/authorize', data=data)
if 'redirect_uri' in response.text:
self.auth_success = True # 授权成功，设置标志位
return True
elif response.status_code == 429:
time.sleep(5)
return self.twitter_authorizeV2(client_id, state, code_challenge,redirect_uri,scope,code_challenge_method,response_type)
logger.error(f'{self.auth_token} 推特授权失败')
return False
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'{self.auth_token} 推特授权异常：{e}')
return False
def get_rest_id(self,screen_name):
params = {
'variables': '{"screen_name":"%s","withSafetyModeUserFields":true}'%(screen_name),
'features': '{"hidden_profile_subscriptions_enabled":true,"rweb_tipjar_consumption_enabled":true,"responsive_web_graphql_exclude_directive_enabled":true,"verified_phone_label_enabled":false,"subscriptions_verification_info_is_identity_verified_enabled":true,"subscriptions_verification_info_verified_since_enabled":true,"highlights_tweets_tab_ui_enabled":true,"responsive_web_twitter_article_notes_tab_enabled":true,"subscriptions_feature_can_gift_premium":true,"creator_subscriptions_tweet_preview_api_enabled":true,"responsive_web_graphql_skip_user_profile_image_extensions_enabled":false,"responsive_web_graphql_timeline_navigation_enabled":true}',
'fieldToggles': '{"withAuxiliaryUserLabels":false}',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/Yka-W8dz7RaEuQNkroPkYw/UserByScreenName',type='GET', data=params)
return response.get('data',{}).get('user',{}).get('result',{}).get('rest_id')
def create(self,screen_name):
user_id=self.get_rest_id(screen_name)
data = {
'include_profile_interstitial_type': '1',
'include_blocking': '1',
'include_blocked_by': '1',
'include_followed_by': '1',
'include_want_retweets': '1',
'include_mute_edge': '1',
'include_can_dm': '1',
'include_can_media_tag': '1',
'include_ext_is_blue_verified': '1',
'include_ext_verified_type': '1',
'include_ext_profile_image_shape': '1',
'skip_status': '1',
'user_id':user_id,
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/1.1/friendships/create.json', data=data)
return response
def destroy(self,screen_name):
user_id=self.get_rest_id(screen_name)
data = {
'include_profile_interstitial_type': '1',
'include_blocking': '1',
'include_blocked_by': '1',
'include_followed_by': '1',
'include_want_retweets': '1',
'include_mute_edge': '1',
'include_can_dm': '1',
'include_can_media_tag': '1',
'include_ext_is_blue_verified': '1',
'include_ext_verified_type': '1',
'include_ext_profile_image_shape': '1',
'skip_status': '1',
'user_id': user_id,
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/1.1/friendships/destroy.json', data=data)
return response
def X_http(self,url,type='POST',data=None):
if type=="GET":
response = self.X.get(url,params=data)
elif type=="POST":
response = self.X.post(url,json=data)
else:
raise ValueError(f'不支持{type}')
self.X.headers.update({'x-csrf-token': self.X.cookies.get('ct0')})
try:
resp=response.json()
except:
raise ValueError(response.text)
assert resp.get('errors') is None or 'already' in str(resp.get('errors')),str(resp.get('errors'))
return resp
def like(self,tweet_id):
json_data = {
'variables': {
'tweet_id': tweet_id,
},
'queryId': 'lI07N6Otwv1PhnEgXILM7A',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/lI07N6Otwv1PhnEgXILM7A/FavoriteTweet',data=json_data)
return response
def cancel_like(self,tweet_id):
json_data = {
'variables': {
'tweet_id': tweet_id,
},
'queryId': 'ZYKSe-w7KEslx3JhSIk5LA',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/ZYKSe-w7KEslx3JhSIk5LA/UnfavoriteTweet',data=json_data)
return response
def retweet(self,tweet_id):
json_data = {
'variables': {
'tweet_id': tweet_id,
'dark_request': False,
},
'queryId': 'ojPdsZsimiJrUGLR1sjUtA',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/ojPdsZsimiJrUGLR1sjUtA/CreateRetweet', data=json_data)
return response
def quote_retweet(self,url):
json_data = {
'variables': {
'tweet_text': '@AdamSchefter @ladygaganownet @TheGSDGroup @WWE @gadgetlab ',
'attachment_url': url,
'dark_request': False,
'media': {
'media_entities': [],
'possibly_sensitive': False,
},
'semantic_annotation_ids': [],
'disallowed_reply_options': None,
},
'features': {
'communities_web_enable_tweet_community_results_fetch': True,
'c9s_tweet_anatomy_moderator_badge_enabled': True,
'responsive_web_edit_tweet_api_enabled': True,
'graphql_is_translatable_rweb_tweet_is_translatable_enabled': True,
'view_counts_everywhere_api_enabled': True,
'longform_notetweets_consumption_enabled': True,
'responsive_web_twitter_article_tweet_consumption_enabled': True,
'tweet_awards_web_tipping_enabled': False,
'creator_subscriptions_quote_tweet_preview_enabled': False,
'longform_notetweets_rich_text_read_enabled': True,
'longform_notetweets_inline_media_enabled': True,
'articles_preview_enabled': True,
'rweb_video_timestamps_enabled': True,
'rweb_tipjar_consumption_enabled': True,
'responsive_web_graphql_exclude_directive_enabled': True,
'verified_phone_label_enabled': False,
'freedom_of_speech_not_reach_fetch_enabled': True,
'standardized_nudges_misinfo': True,
'tweet_with_visibility_results_prefer_gql_limited_actions_policy_enabled': True,
'responsive_web_graphql_skip_user_profile_image_extensions_enabled': False,
'responsive_web_graphql_timeline_navigation_enabled': True,
'responsive_web_enhance_cards_enabled': False,
},
'queryId': 'xT36w0XM3A8jDynpkram2A',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/xT36w0XM3A8jDynpkram2A/CreateTweet', data=json_data)
return response
def cancel_retweet(self,tweet_id):
json_data = {
'variables': {
'source_tweet_id': tweet_id,
},
'queryId': 'iQtK4dl5hBmXewYZuEOKVw',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/iQtK4dl5hBmXewYZuEOKVw/DeleteRetweet',json=json_data)
return response2.1 授权流程
在 Twitter_Sync 类中，我们首先进行 Twitter API 的初始化，包括设置请求头和 cookies。接着，我们实现了一个方法 get_auth_codeV2，用于处理 OAuth 授权请求。
python
def get_auth_codeV2(self, client_id, state, code_challenge, redirect_uri, scope, code_challenge_method='plain', response_type='code'):
if self.auth_success:
logger.info(f'{self.auth_token} 已成功授权，跳过重新授权')
return True
try:
params = {
'code_challenge': urllib.parse.unquote(code_challenge),
'code_challenge_method': urllib.parse.unquote(code_challenge_method),
'client_id': urllib.parse.unquote(client_id),
'redirect_uri': urllib.parse.unquote(redirect_uri),
'response_type': urllib.parse.unquote(response_type),
'scope': urllib.parse.unquote(scope),
'state': state
}
response = self.Twitter.get('https://twitter.com/i/api/2/oauth2/authorize', params=params)
# 检查授权结果
if 'auth_code' in response.json():
self.auth_code = response.json()['auth_code']
return True
logger.error(f'{self.auth_token} 获取auth_code失败')
return False
except Exception as e:
logger.error(e)
return False3. 实现各种操作
在授权成功后，我们可以实现不同的操作，例如关注用户、点赞推文、转发推文等。
3.1 关注用户
python
def create(self, screen_name):
user_id = self.get_rest_id(screen_name)
data = {
'user_id': user_id,
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/1.1/friendships/create.json', data=data)
return response3.2 点赞推文
python
def like(self, tweet_id):
json_data = {
'variables': {
'tweet_id': tweet_id,
},
'queryId': 'lI07N6Otwv1PhnEgXILM7A',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/lI07N6Otwv1PhnEgXILM7A/FavoriteTweet', data=json_data)
return response3.3 转发推文
python
def retweet(self, tweet_id):
json_data = {
'variables': {
'tweet_id': tweet_id,
'dark_request': False,
},
'queryId': 'ojPdsZsimiJrUGLR1sjUtA',
}
response = self.X_http('https://x.com/i/api/graphql/ojPdsZsimiJrUGLR1sjUtA/CreateRetweet', data=json_data)
return response4. 主函数示例
最后，我们将所有功能整合在 main 函数中，传入所需的 tokens 并执行相关操作。
python
def main(token, plume_token):
cls = Twitter_Sync(token)
params = get_plume_x_params(plume_token)
if cls.twitter_authorizeV2(**params):
# 执行操作
cls.create('username') # 关注用户
cls.like('tweet_id') # 点赞
cls.retweet('tweet_id') # 转发结论
通过本文的介绍，我们实现了使用 Twitter Token 进行授权以及在 Twitter API 上执行各种操作的功能。这些功能可以用于自动化社交媒体管理，提升用户体验。希望对你在使用 Twitter API 的过程中有所帮助！