Python之Excel自动化处理（三）

一、Excel数据拆分-xlrd

1.1、代码

python 复制代码

import xlrd
from xlutils.copy import copy


def get_data():
  wb = xlrd.open_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  sh = wb.sheet_by_index(0)
  '''
   {
    a: [{},{},{}],
    b:[{},{},{}],
    c:[{},{},{}],
   }


   '''
  all_data = {}
  for r in range(sh.nrows):
    d = {'type':sh.cell_value(r,1),'name':sh.cell_value(r,2),'count':sh.cell_value(r,3),'price':sh.cell_value(r,4)}
    key = sh.cell_value(r,0)
    if all_data.get(key):
      all_data[key].append(d)
    else:
      all_data[key] = [d]
  return all_data
def save(data):
  wb = xlrd.open_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  wb2 = copy(wb)
  for key in data.keys():
    temp_sheet = wb2.add_sheet(key)
    for i, d in enumerate(data.get(key)):
      temp_sheet.write(i,0,d.get('type'))
      temp_sheet.write(i,1,d.get('name'))
      temp_sheet.write(i,2,d.get('count'))
      temp_sheet.write(i,3,d.get('price'))
  wb2.save('./create_data/06_表格的拆分.xlsx')


if __name__ == "__main__":
  all_data = get_data()
  # save(all_data)
  print(all_data)

二、Excel读取数据-openpyxl

Python操作Excel的一个常用库openpyxl，openpyl是第3方模块库，可以方便的对excel执行读取与写入操作

2.1、安装

python 复制代码

pip install openpyxl

2.2、常用方法与属性

函数名&属性	含义
openpyxl.load_workbook(path)	加载Excel文件
workbook.active	激活第1个工作薄
workbook[name]	获取根据名字工作薄
workbook.get_sheet_by_name(name)	获取根据名字工作薄
workbook.sheetnames	获取所有工作薄名字
sheet.title	获取工作薄名字
sheet.max_row	获取行数
sheet.max_column	获取列数
sheet.cell(row,col)	获取指定单元格
sheet[cell_name]	获取指定单元格,例如:`C2`
sheet[col/row_name]	获取整行或整列单元格:填写num为整行,row_name为整列
sheet[col:col]	获取指定范围整行单元格
sheet[cell_name:cell_name]	获取指定范围单元格
sheet.iter_rows(min_row =0 , max_row =0, min_col =0, max_col =0)	获取指定范围单元格
sheet.rows	获取所有行
sheet.columns	获取所有列
cell.value	获取单元格的值

2.3、代码

python 复制代码

# pip install openpyxl
def open():
  from openpyxl import load_workbook
  wb = load_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  # 获取工作薄
  sh1 = wb.active
  sh2 = wb['Sheet1']
  sh3 = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
  print(sh1 is sh2 is sh3)


def show_sheets():
  from openpyxl import load_workbook
  wb = load_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  print(wb.sheetnames)
  for sh in wb:
    print(sh.title)


def get_one_value():
  from openpyxl import load_workbook
  wb = load_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  sh1 = wb.active
  value1 = sh1.cell(2,3).value
  value2 = sh1['c2'].value
  print(value1,value2)


def get_many_value():
  from openpyxl import load_workbook
  wb = load_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  sh1 = wb['Sheet1']
  # 切片
  cells1 = sh1['c2':'d3']
  # print(cells1)
  # 整行，整列
  cell_row3 = sh1[3]
  cell_col3 = sh1['c']
  print(cell_row3)
  print(cell_col3)
  cell_row3_5 = sh1[3:5]
  print(cell_row3_5)


  # 通过迭代获取数据
  # for row in sh1.iter_rows(min_row =2 , max_row =5, max_col =3):
  #   for cell in row:
  #     print(cell.value)


  for row in sh1.iter_rows(min_row =2 , max_row =5, min_col =2, max_col =4):
    for cell in row:
      print(cell.value)
def get_all_data():
  from openpyxl import load_workbook
  wb = load_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  sh1 = wb['Sheet1']
  for row in sh1.rows:
    for cell in row:
      print(cell.value)


  for column in sh1.columns:
    for cell in column:
      print(cell.value)


def get_num():
  from openpyxl import load_workbook
  wb = load_workbook('./base_data/data01.xlsx')
  sh1 = wb['Sheet1'] 
  print(sh1.max_row)
  print(sh1.max_column)
if __name__ == "__main__":
  # open()
  # show_sheets()
  # get_one_value()
  # get_many_value()
  # get_all_data()
  get_num()

三、Excel写入数据-openpyxl

3.1、常用方法与属性

函数名&属性	含义
Workbook()	创建Excel文件
workbook.create_sheet(name,`<num>`)	在指定位置创建sheet表
cell.value	获取单元格值,也可直接赋值
cell.font	获取字体样式,也可直接赋值
cell.alignment	获取单元格内容位置,也可直接赋值
openpyxl.styles.Font()	创建字体样式
openpyxl.styles.Alignment()	创建单元格内容位置样式
sheet.row_dimensions[num].height	设置指定行高度
sheet.column_dimensions[col_name].width	设置指定列宽度

3.2、代码

python 复制代码

from openpyxl import Workbook
def create_excel():
  # 创建excel
  wb = Workbook()
  # 激活第1个工作薄
  ws1 = wb.active
  # 创建工作薄
  ws2 = wb.create_sheet('数据')
  # 在指定位置创建工作薄、
  ws3 = wb.create_sheet('人员',0)
  # 保存数据
  wb.save('./create_data/09_创建excel文件.xlsx')


def set_value1():
  # 创建excel
  wb = Workbook()
  # 激活第1个工作薄
  ws1 = wb.active
  # 写入数据
  ws1['A1'] = 'Hello'
  ws1['B2'] = 'Excel'
  ws1['C3'] = 'Python'
   # 保存数据
  wb.save('./create_data/10_创建excel文件_写入数据.xlsx')
def set_value2():
  # 创建excel
  wb = Workbook()
  # 激活第1个工作薄
  ws1 = wb.active
  # 需要写入的数据
  data = ['Hello','Excel','Python']


  for i,d in enumerate(data):
    ws1.cell(i+1,i+1).value = d # 注意 openpyxl里面 记数是从1开始
  # 保存数据
  wb.save('./create_data/11_创建excel文件_写入数据2.xlsx')


def set_value3():
  # 创建excel
  wb = Workbook()
  # 激活第1个工作薄
  ws1 = wb.active
  # 需要写入的数据
  data = ['Hello','Excel','Python']
  # 把数据追加到工作薄
  ws1.append(data)
  # 保存数据
  wb.save('./create_data/12_创建excel文件_写入数据3.xlsx')
if __name__ == '__main__':
  # create_excel()
  # set_value1()
  # set_value2()
  set_value3()