RabbitMQ设置消息过期时间

小码哥呀2024-11-07 12:21

RabbitMQ设置消息过期时间

1、过期消息（死信）

过期消息也叫TTL消息，TTL：Time To Live

消息的过期时间有两种设置方式：设置单条消息的过期时间 和通过队列属性设置消息过期时间

2、设置消息过期的两种方式

队列的过期时间决定了在没有任何消费者的情况下，队列中的消息可以存活多久；

注意事项：如果消息和对列都设置过期时间，则消息的TTL以两者之间较小的那个数值为准。

2.1、设置单条消息的过期时间

2.1.1、配置文件application.yml

java 复制代码 
server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: ttl-test01

  rabbitmq:
    host: 你的服务器IP
    port: 5672
    username: 你这账号
    password: 你的密码
    virtual-host: power

my:
  exchangeName: exchange.ttl.a
  queueName: queue.ttl.a

2.1.2、配置类RabbitConfig

java 复制代码 
package com.power.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Value("${my.exchangeName}")
    private String exchangeName;

    @Value("${my.queueName}")
    private String queueName;

    //创建交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange directExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(exchangeName).build();
    }

    //创建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue queue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(queueName).build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding binding(DirectExchange exchangeName,Queue queueName){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueName).to(exchangeName).with("info");
    }
}

2.1.3、发送消息业务类service（核心代码）

java 复制代码 
package com.power.service;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class MessageService {

    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Bean
    public void sendMsg(){
    	//设置消息过期的核心代码
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setExpiration("30000");//设置消息过期时间
        
        Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello world".getBytes()).andProperties(messageProperties).build();
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange.ttl.a","info",message);
        log.info("消息发送完毕，发送时间是："+new Date());
    }
}

2.1.4、启动类

java 复制代码 
package com.power;

import com.power.service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements ApplicationRunner {

    @Resource
    private MessageService messageService;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        messageService.sendMsg();
    }
}

2.1.5、依赖文件pom.xml

java 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.power</groupId>
  <artifactId>rabbit_05_ttl01</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>rabbit_05_ttl01</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>


  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.6.13</version>
    <relativePath/>
  </parent>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.24</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

2.1.6、测试

启动项目：

登录rabbitmq后台：

在消息有效期内，可以获取到消息。

超过消息有效期，获取不到消息。

2.2、通过队列属性设置消息过期时间

2.1.1、配置文件application.yml

java 复制代码 
server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: ttl-test02

  rabbitmq:
    host: 你的服务器IP
    port: 5672
    username: 你这账号
    password: 你的密码
    virtual-host: power

my:
  exchangeName: exchange.ttl.b
  queueName: queue.ttl.b

2.1.2、配置类RabbitConfig（核心代码）

java 复制代码 
package com.power.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Value("${my.exchangeName}")
    private String exchangeName;

    @Value("${my.queueName}")
    private String queueName;

    //创建交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange directExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(exchangeName).build();
    }

    //创建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue queue(){
        //设置队列消息的过期时间，超过这个有效期，队列内的所有消息都会过期
        //方式1：new Queue的方式
        Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
        arguments.put("x-message-ttl",30000);
        return new Queue(queueName,true,false,false,arguments);

//        方式2：建造者方式
//        return QueueBuilder.durable(queueName).withArguments(arguments).build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding binding(DirectExchange exchangeName,Queue queueName){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueName).to(exchangeName).with("info");
    }
}

2.2.3、发送消息业务类service

java 复制代码 
package com.power.service;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class MessageService {

    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Bean
    public void sendMsg(){
        Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello world".getBytes()).build();
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange.ttl.b","info",message);
        log.info("消息发送完毕，发送时间是："+new Date());
    }
}

2.2.4、启动类

java 复制代码 
package com.power;

import com.power.service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements ApplicationRunner {

    @Resource
    private MessageService messageService;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        messageService.sendMsg();
    }
}

2.2.5、依赖文件pom.xml

java 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.power</groupId>
  <artifactId>rabbit_05_ttl02</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>rabbit_05_ttl02</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>


  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.6.13</version>
    <relativePath/>
  </parent>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.24</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

2.2.6、测试

启动项目：
登录后台查看

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