Spring Boot MySQL 分库分表

1.首先需要在 pom.xml 中配置相关依赖

java 复制代码

<properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <shardingsphere.version>5.0.0</shardingsphere.version>
        <sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter.version>4.1.1</sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter.version>
        <mybatis-plus-boot-starter.version>3.5.7</mybatis-plus-boot-starter.version>
        <mybatis-spring.version>3.0.3</mybatis-spring.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
            <artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.5.0</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
                    <artifactId>shardingsphere-test-util</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.yaml</groupId>
            <artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis-plus-boot-starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis-spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- 数据库驱动依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- HikariCP for DataSource Pooling -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
            <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.数据库配置 (application.yml)

java 复制代码

server:
  port: 8082

spring:
  datasource:
    driverClassName: org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.ShardingSphereDriver
    url: jdbc:shardingsphere:classpath:config.yml
    name: EncryptHikariCP
    hikari:
      minimumIdle: 10
      maximumPoolSize: 200
      autoCommit: true
      idleTimeout: 30000
      poolName: BaseHikariCP
      maxLifetime: 1800000
      connectionTimeout: 30000
      connectionTestQuery: SELECT 1
  thymeleaf:
    prefix: classpath:/templates/
    suffix: .html
    mode: HTML
    cache: false  # 开发阶段关闭缓存
mybatis-plus:
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
  global-config:
    db-config:
      id-type: auto
  pagination:
    enable: true

3.config.yml配置

java 复制代码

dataSources:

  ds_0:
    dataSourceClassName: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    jdbcUrl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456

  ds_1:
    dataSourceClassName: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    jdbcUrl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456

rules:
  - !SHARDING
    tables:
      orders:
        actualDataNodes: ds_${0..1}.orders_${0..1}
        tableStrategy:
          standard:
            shardingColumn: order_id
            shardingAlgorithmName: t_order_inline
        keyGenerateStrategy:
          column: order_id
          keyGeneratorName: snowflake
    defaultShardingColumn: user_id
    bindingTables:
      - orders
    defaultDatabaseStrategy:
      standard:
        shardingColumn: user_id
        shardingAlgorithmName: database_inline
    defaultTableStrategy:
      none:

    shardingAlgorithms:
      database_inline:
        type: INLINE
        props:
          algorithm-expression: ds_${user_id % 2}
      t_order_inline:
        type: INLINE
        props:
          algorithm-expression: orders_${order_id % 2}

    keyGenerators:
      snowflake:
        type: SNOWFLAKE
    auditors:
      sharding_key_required_auditor:
        type: DML_SHARDING_CONDITIONS

props:
  sql-show: true

4.两个库创建表

java 复制代码

CREATE TABLE `orders_0` (
  `order_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `orders_1` (
  `order_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

5.创建实体类

java 复制代码

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
@TableName("orders")
public class Order {
    @TableId
    private Long orderId;
    private Long userId;
    private BigDecimal amount;
    private LocalDateTime createTime;

}

6.创建 OrderMapper

java 复制代码

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.example.demo.entity.Order;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;



@Mapper
public interface OrderMapper extends BaseMapper<Order> {
}

7.创建 OrderService

java 复制代码

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page;
import com.example.demo.entity.Order;

public interface OrderService {
    public void initOrders();

    public Page<Order> getOrdersByPage(int pageNumber, int pageSize);
}

8.实现 OrderServiceImpl

java 复制代码

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page;
import com.icoderoad.orderpage.entity.Order;
import com.icoderoad.orderpage.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.icoderoad.orderpage.service.OrderService;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;

    @Override
    public void initOrders() {
        List<Order> orders = new ArrayList<>();
        Random random = new Random();

        // 初始化100条订单数据
        for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
            Order order = new Order();
            order.setOrderId((long) i);
            order.setUserId((long) (100 + i));  // 假设用户ID从100开始
            order.setAmount(BigDecimal.valueOf(random.nextDouble() * 1000));
            order.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());

            orders.add(order);
        }

        // 批量插入订单
        for (Order order : orders) {
            orderMapper.insert(order);
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public Page<Order> getOrdersByPage(int pageNumber, int pageSize) {
        // 创建分页对象
        Page<Order> page = new Page<>(pageNumber, pageSize);
        // 构造查询条件，按创建时间降序排列
        QueryWrapper<Order> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
        queryWrapper.orderByDesc("create_time");

        // 执行分页查询
        return orderMapper.selectPage(page, queryWrapper);
    }
}

9.创建 OrderController

java 复制代码

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page;
import com.icoderoad.orderpage.entity.Order;
import com.icoderoad.orderpage.service.OrderService;

@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    // 初始化订单数据的接口
    @GetMapping("/init-orders")
    public Map<String, String> initOrders() {
        orderService.initOrders();
        return Map.of("message", "订单数据初始化成功");
    }

    // 分页查询订单的接口
    @GetMapping("/orders")
    public Map<String, Object> getOrdersByPage(
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") int pageNumber,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int pageSize) {
        
        Page<Order> orderPage = orderService.getOrdersByPage(pageNumber, pageSize);

        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("total", orderPage.getTotal());
        result.put("pages", orderPage.getPages());
        result.put("current", orderPage.getCurrent());
        result.put("orders", orderPage.getRecords());
        return result;
    }
}