适配器模式(Adapter Pattern)
适配器模式是一种结构型设计模式,它使得原本由于接口不兼容而不能一起工作的类可以协同工作。适配器模式通过将一个类的接口转换成客户端希望的另一种接口,使得原本接口不兼容的类可以一起工作。适配器可以是对象适配器或类适配器,对象适配器使用组合,类适配器使用多重继承。
实际应用
图形渲染库适配器
假设我们有一个旧的图形渲染库和一个新的图形渲染接口,我们需要使旧的库适配新的接口
cpp
#include <iostream>
// 旧的图形渲染库
class OldGraphicsRenderer {
public:
void drawCircle(float x, float y, float radius) {
std::cout << "Old Renderer: Drawing Circle at (" << x << ", " << y << ") with radius " << radius << "\n";
}
void drawRectangle(float x, float y, float width, float height) {
std::cout << "Old Renderer: Drawing Rectangle at (" << x << ", " << y << ") with width " << width << " and height " << height << "\n";
}
};
// 新的图形渲染接口
class NewGraphicsRenderer {
public:
virtual void renderCircle(float x, float y, float radius) = 0;
virtual void renderRectangle(float x, float y, float width, float height) = 0;
};
// 适配器类,将旧的渲染库适配到新的接口
class GraphicsRendererAdapter : public NewGraphicsRenderer {
private:
OldGraphicsRenderer* oldRenderer;
public:
GraphicsRendererAdapter(OldGraphicsRenderer* renderer) : oldRenderer(renderer) {}
void renderCircle(float x, float y, float radius) override {
oldRenderer->drawCircle(x, y, radius);
}
void renderRectangle(float x, float y, float width, float height) override {
oldRenderer->drawRectangle(x, y, width, height);
}
};
int main() {
OldGraphicsRenderer oldRenderer;
GraphicsRendererAdapter adapter(&oldRenderer);
adapter.renderCircle(10, 10, 5);
adapter.renderRectangle(20, 20, 10, 5);
return 0;
}
日志系统适配器
假设我们有一个旧的日志系统和一个新的日志系统接口,我们需要使旧的日志系统适配新的接口。
cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
// 旧的日志系统
class OldLogger {
public:
void logMessage(const std::string& msg) {
std::cout << "Old Logger: " << msg << "\n";
}
};
// 新的日志系统接口
class NewLogger {
public:
virtual void info(const std::string& msg) = 0;
virtual void error(const std::string& msg) = 0;
};
// 适配器类,将旧的日志系统适配到新的接口
class LoggerAdapter : public NewLogger {
private:
OldLogger* oldLogger;
public:
LoggerAdapter(OldLogger* logger) : oldLogger(logger) {}
void info(const std::string& msg) override {
oldLogger->logMessage("INFO: " + msg);
}
void error(const std::string& msg) override {
oldLogger->logMessage("ERROR: " + msg);
}
};
int main() {
OldLogger oldLogger;
LoggerAdapter adapter(&oldLogger);
adapter.info("This is an info message");
adapter.error("This is an error message");
return 0;
}
支付系统适配器
假设我们有一个旧的支付系统和一个新的支付接口,我们需要使旧的支付系统适配新的接口。
cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
// 旧的支付系统
class OldPaymentSystem {
public:
void makePayment(double amount, const std::string& currency) {
std::cout << "Old Payment System: Processing payment of " << amount << " " << currency << "\n";
}
};
// 新的支付接口
class NewPaymentInterface {
public:
virtual void pay(double amount) = 0;
};
// 适配器类,将旧的支付系统适配到新的接口
class PaymentAdapter : public NewPaymentInterface {
private:
OldPaymentSystem* oldPaymentSystem;
public:
PaymentAdapter(OldPaymentSystem* paymentSystem) : oldPaymentSystem(paymentSystem) {}
void pay(double amount) override {
oldPaymentSystem->makePayment(amount, "USD");
}
};
int main() {
OldPaymentSystem oldPaymentSystem;
PaymentAdapter adapter(&oldPaymentSystem);
adapter.pay(100.0);
return 0;
}
总结
适配器类通过包含或继承旧系统类,并实现新接口的方法,从而将旧系统的方法适配到新接口上。