Express处理异步异常
Express可以很好的处理同步的异常,即一旦有同步异常 throw err
,则自动转化为:
js
next(err)
以等待后续处理。
但是异步的异常就没办法自动了。如果没有特殊处理的话,它就直接报错了。
Express官方也提出解决方法了,就是要手动 next(err)
一下:
You must catch errors that occur in asynchronous code invoked by route handlers or middleware and pass them to Express for processing. For example:
javascriptapp.get('/', (req, res, next) => { setTimeout(() => { try { throw new Error('BROKEN') } catch (err) { next(err) } }, 100) })
The above example uses a
try...catch
block to catch errors in the asynchronous code and pass them to Express. If thetry...catch
block were omitted, Express would not catch the error since it is not part of the synchronous handler code.
然而 try ... catch ...
并非唯一可以手动 next(err)
的途径,Promise
的 catch
也行。当然,Express官方也在下面提供了这一方法:
Use promises to avoid the overhead of the
try...catch
block or when using functions that return promises. For example:
javascriptapp.get('/', (req, res, next) => { Promise.resolve().then(() => { throw new Error('BROKEN') }).catch(next) // Errors will be passed to Express. })
Since promises automatically catch both synchronous errors and rejected promises, you can simply provide
next
as the final catch handler and Express will catch errors, because the catch handler is given the error as the first argument.
理论可行,那么就开始封装吧
封装
StackOverflow 中,Marcos Casagrande 的帖子 "Handling errors in express async middleware" (Jul 2018) 完美封装了这个异步异常处理器。感兴趣的朋友可以点击链接去看看。
以下是我对这个封装的理解:
首先 Mr.Casagrande 的代码如下:
js
const asyncHandler = fn => (req, res, next) => {
return Promise
.resolve(fn(req, res, next))
.catch(next);
};
module.exports = asyncHandler;
如果 fn
正常运行了,那么 catch
会 catch 个寂寞,从而跳过 catch
里面的 next
如果 fn
运行途中有报错,那么 catch
拿到这个 err
,会调用回调函数 next
并将 err
作为第一个参数传入。而这个,正好是 Express 处理异常所需要的。
使用
使用的时候就直接把那个有可能有异步异常的异步函数给套起来就行了:
js
app.get(
'/your/api/path',
asyncHandler(async (req, res, next) => {
... // 业务代码
})
);
引用 References
- Express. "Error Handling". expressjs, expressjs.com/en/guide/er...
- Casagrande, Marcos. "Handling errors in express async middleware". stackoverflow, Jul 17, 2018, stackoverflow.com/questions/5...