k8s 1.28 二进制安装与部署

爬树的小蚂蚁2024-11-30 13:33

第一步 ：配置Linux服务器

#借助梯子工具

bash 复制代码 
192.168.196.100
1C8G
kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubectl、haproxy、keepalived
192.168.196.101
1C8G
kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubectl、haproxy、keepalived
192.168.196.102
1C8G
kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubectl

#说明

haproxy与keepalived 主要提供k8s master 的kube-apiserver 组件的高可用实现。

kube-controller-manager Kubernetes 自带的控制器例子包括副本控制器、节点控制器、命名空间控制器和服务账号控制器等。

它是一个永不休止的控制回路组件，其负责控制集群资源的状态。

通过监控 kube-apiserver 的资源状态，比较当前资源状态和期望状态，如果不一致，更新 kube-apiserver 的资源状态以保持当前资源状态和期望状态一致。

kube-scheduler 主要负责Pod的操作。

kube-apiserver 核心中间工具，接收所有组件包括客户端的处理信息。

kubectl 它是Kubernetes命令行工具。

3.1 服务器主机名配置

bash 复制代码 
hostnamectl set-hostname ma01
hostnamectl set-hostname ma02
hostnamectl set-hostname ma03

3.2 服务器/etc/hosts解析

bash 复制代码 
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.196.100 ma01
192.168.196.101 ma02
192.168.196.102 ma03
EOF

3.3 安全配置

bash 复制代码 
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenfoce 0
sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

3.4 禁用swap 分区

bash 复制代码 
swapoff -a
删除或禁用 /etc/fstab中的swap 分区
echo "vm.swappiness=0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

3.5 配置主机时间同步

bash 复制代码 
ntpdate time.windows.com

3.6 ipvs 管理工具安装及模块加载

bash 复制代码 
yum -y install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules << EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs 
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr 
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr 
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh 
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

#授权，运行，检查是否加载

bash 复制代码 
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules 
bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

3.7 Linux 内核升级

bash 复制代码 
yum -y install perl
#导入elrepo gpg key
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
#安装elrepo yum源仓库
yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
#安装kernel-lt 版本，ml为最新稳定版本，lt为长期维护版本
yum  --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel"  -y install kernel-lt.x86_64
#设置grub2默认引导为0,开机启动
grub2-set-default 0
#重新生成grub2引导文件
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
#所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，使升级的内核生效
reboot -h now
#验证是否升级成功
uname -r

3.8 Linux 内核优化

bash 复制代码 
#添加网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
cat  > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
sysctl -p

#加载br_netfilter模块

#临时加载模块

bash 复制代码 
modprobe br_netfilter

#查看

bash 复制代码 
sysctl  -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

#永久性加载模块

bash 复制代码 
cat > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf << EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

#设置为开机启动

bash 复制代码 
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

#查看是否加载

bash 复制代码 
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

3.9 服务器免密

bash 复制代码 
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id root@ip

#服务器之间及自己之间进行验证。

ssh ma01

ssh ma02

ssh ma03

第二步 安装部署HAproxy、Keepalived

[haproxy 与 keepalived]

IP:192.168.196.100

IP:192.168.196.101

VIP:192.168.196.200

2.1 使用yum安装haproxy、keepalived

bash 复制代码 
yum -y install haproxy keepalived
#HAproxy 是开源的TCP和HTTP负载均衡器、反向代理工具。内置了监控和统计功能，可以实时获取服务器的状态和指标。
#HAproxy 适用于负载特大的web站点，这些站点
注意：在部署k8s 过程中，因为资源问题出现了几次HAproxy VIP自动切换的问题，经过观察完全不影响K8s其它组件的运行。

2.2 HAProxy 配置

bash 复制代码 
cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg <<"EOF"
# 全局配置
global
 maxconn 2000
 ulimit-n 16384
 log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
 stats timeout 30s

# 默认配置
defaults
 log global
 mode http
 option httplog
 timeout connect 5000
 timeout client 50000
 timeout server 50000
 timeout http-request 15s
 timeout http-keep-alive 15s

# 监控uri 前端访问的url 地址： IP:33305/monitor
frontend monitor-in
 bind *:33305
 mode http
 option httplog
 monitor-uri /monitor

# 前端服务访问的TCP/IP 方式，default_backend 标记的是负载均衡配置的 名称
frontend k8s-master
 bind 0.0.0.0:6443
 bind 127.0.0.1:6443
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
 default_backend k8s-master

# 该项续集 上面的default_backend k8s-master 
backend k8s-master
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 option tcp-check
 balance roundrobin 
 default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
 server  ma01  192.168.196.100:9443 check
 server  ma02  192.168.196.101:9443 check
 server  ma03  192.168.196.102:9443 check

EOF

参数详解：

log global 启用全局日志记录，HAProxy 将记录其运行状态和请求信息。

mode http 将HAPtoxy 设置为HTTP模式，这意味着它将处理HTTP请求和响应

timeout connect 5000 设置连接到后端服务器的超时时间为5000毫秒，如果在此时间内无法建立连接，HAProxy将放弃该连接。

timeout client 50000 设置与客户端之间的超时时间为50000毫秒，如果在此时间内没有数据交换，连接将被关闭。

timeout server 50000 设置与后端服务器之间的超时时间为50000毫秒，，同样的，如果在此时间内没有数据交换，连接将被关闭。

timeout http-request 15s 设置HTTP请求的处理超时时间为15秒，如果在此时间内没有完成请求的处理，HAProxy将终止该请求。

timeout http-keep-alive 5s 设置HTTP Keep-Alive 连接的超时时间为15秒，Keep-Alive 连接允许在同一TCP上进行多个HTTP请求和响应，这个参数控制该连接的保持时间。

option tcplog 选项启用tcp日志记录，它运行HAProxy 记录来自TCP客户端和后端服务器的连接信息，便于后续的监控和故障排查。

tcp-request inspect-delay 5s 这个指令设置在处理TCP请求时，HAProxy要等待的时间。用于确保完整的请求头或数据能够被接收到，尤其是在使用TCP的情况下。

inter 10s 服务器的健康检查间隔为10秒，在每次检查之间，负载均衡器会等待10秒。

downinter 5s 服务器被标记为DOWN 时，负责均衡器将每5秒进行一次检查，以确定服务器是否可以恢复。

rise 2 这个参数指定在服务器被标记为DOWN之后，需要连续成功的健康检查数量(2次)，成功则其状态恢复为up。

fall 2 这个参数指定服务器被标记为UP之后，需要连续失败的健康检查数量(2次)，才能将其状态标记为DOWN。

slowstart 60 这个参数设置慢启动时间为60秒，在这个时间段内，服务器的最大连接数(maxconn)将逐渐增加，以避免服务器在重新上线时收到过多的流量冲击。

maxconn 250 这个参数设置每个后端服务器的最大连接数为250。

maxqueue 256 这个参数设置连接队列的最大长度为256，当所有连接都达到最大连接数时，新连接将被放入队列，直到有可用连接。

weight 100 这个参数设置服务器的权重为100，权重用于负载均衡算法中，权重越高，分配到的请求越多。

2.3 keepalived 配置

bash 复制代码 
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<"EOF"
Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
   interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER
   interface ens33
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.196.100
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 100
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.196.200
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}

EOF
#ma02 服务器配置
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<"EOF"
Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
   interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER
   interface ens33
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.196.101
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 100
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.196.200
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}

EOF

3.4 HAProxy的健康检查脚本

bash 复制代码 
#ma01 与 ma02
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
   check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
   if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
       err=$(expr $err + 1)
       sleep 1
       continue
   else
       err=0
       break
   fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
   echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
   /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
   exit 1
else
   exit 0
fi
EOF

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

#启动服务并验证
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived

#ip a s
ens 33网卡上存在192.168.196.100的IP地址与192.168.196.200的IP地址。

第三步 部署ETCD 数据库

IP:192.168.196.100

IP:192.168.196.101

IP:192.168.196.102

3.1 安装cfssl 密钥生成工具

#创建工作目录

bash 复制代码 
mkdir -p /data/k8s-work

安装cfssl 密钥生成工具，并生成CA 证书

bash 复制代码 
https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases
# 1、下载cfssl、cfssljson、cfssl-certinfo
# cfssl：用于签发证书
# cfssljson：将cfssl签发生成的证书(json格式)变成文件承载式文件
# cfssl-certinfo：验证查看证书信息
# Kubernetes 官网：https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/
# 版本
curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl
chmod +x cfssl
curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssljson
chmod +x cfssljson
curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl-certinfo_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x cfssl-certinfo

cp cfssl /usr/local/bin/
cp cfssljson /usr/local/bin/
cp cfssl-certinfo /usr/local/bin/
# 2、给cfssl、cfssljson、cfssl-certinfo添加可执行权限
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*
cfssl version

3.2 配置证书颁发机构CA的json文件

bash 复制代码 
cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
  }
}
EOF

#创建CA证书

bash 复制代码 
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

#配置CA证书策略

bash 复制代码 
cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "87600h"
          }
      }
  }
}
EOF

#配置ETCD 证书的请求文件

bash 复制代码 
cat > etcd-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.196.100",
    "192.168.196.101",
    "192.168.196.102",
    "192.168.196.200"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [{
    "C": "CN",
    "ST": "Beijing",
    "L": "Beijing",
    "O": "kubemsb",
    "OU": "CN"
  }]
}
EOF

#生成etcd证书

bash 复制代码 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd

下载etcd软件包

bash 复制代码 
cd /soft
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.11/etcd-v3.5.11-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd etcd-v3.5.11-linux-amd64
cp etcd* /usr/local/bin 
scp etcd* ma02:/usr/local/bin 
scp etcd* ma03:/usr/local/bin

#创建etcd的配置文件路径（ma01,ma02,ma03都要执行）
mkdir /etc/etcd

#配置etcd 配置文件,三台服务器的配置

bash 复制代码 
#ma01
cat >  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.196.100:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.196.100:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.196.100:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.196.100:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.196.100:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.196.101:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.196.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

#ma02
cat >  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.196.101:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.196.101:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.196.101:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.196.101:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.196.100:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.196.101:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.196.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
#ma03
cat >  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.196.102:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.196.102:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.196.102:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.196.102:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.196.100:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.196.101:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.196.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

#创建服务配置文件[ma01,ma02,ma03]

bash 复制代码 
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd

#ma01本地拷贝

bash 复制代码 
cp /data/k8s-work/ca_cert/ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
cp /data/k8s-work/etcd_cert/etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl

#ma02远程拷贝

bash 复制代码 
scp /data/k8s-work/ca_cert/ca*.pem ma02:/etc/etcd/ssl
scp /data/k8s-work/etcd_cert/etcd*.pem ma02:/etc/etcd/ssl

#ma03远程拷贝

bash 复制代码 
scp /data/k8s-work/ca_cert/ca*.pem ma03:/etc/etcd/ssl
scp /data/k8s-work/etcd_cert/etcd*.pem ma03:/etc/etcd/ssl

配置etcd 启动文件[all hosts]

bash 复制代码 
cat > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-client-cert-auth \
  --client-cert-auth
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动etcd集群

bash 复制代码 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd.service
systemctl status etcd

第四步 kubernetes 集群部署

bash 复制代码 
cd /soft
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.28.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/
scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl ma02:/usr/local/bin/
scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl ma03:/usr/local/bin/

#在集群节点上创建目录[ma01,ma02,ma03]

bash 复制代码 
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes

4.1 部署api-server

#配置apiserver 证书请求文件

cd /data/k8s-work/kube-apiserver

bash 复制代码 
cat >kube-apiserver-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.196.100",
    "192.168.196.101",
    "192.168.196.102",
    "192.168.196.200",
    "10.96.0.1",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

#生成apiserver证书及token文件

bash 复制代码 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver

#生成token.csv

bash 复制代码 
cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

#同步相关信息

bash 复制代码 
cp /data/k8s-work/ca*.pem  /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/ca*.pem  ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/ca*.pem  ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/

cp /data/k8s-work/kube-apiserver/token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-apiserver/token.csv ma02:/etc/kubernetes/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-apiserver/token.csv ma03:/etc/kubernetes/

cp /data/k8s-work/kube-apiserver/kube-apiserver*.pem    /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-apiserver/kube-apiserver*.pem    ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-apiserver/kube-apiserver*.pem    ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/

#创建apiserver服务的配置文件[ma01,ma02,ma03]

bash 复制代码 
#ma01
cat >/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf <<EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.196.100 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.196.100 \
  --secure-port=9443 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.196.100:2379,https://192.168.196.101:2379,https://192.168.196.102:2379 \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator \
  --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client \
  --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
  --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
  --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
  --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/agg_ca.pem \
  --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server.pem \
  --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server-key.pem \
  --enable-aggregator-routing=true \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --v=4"
EOF

#ma02
cat >/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf <<EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.196.101 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.196.101 \
  --secure-port=9443 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.196.100:2379,https://192.168.196.101:2379,https://192.168.196.102:2379 \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator \
  --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client \
  --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
  --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
  --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
  --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/agg_ca.pem \
  --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server.pem \
  --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server-key.pem \
  --enable-aggregator-routing=true \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --v=4"
EOF


#ma03
cat >/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf <<EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.196.102 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.196.102 \
  --secure-port=9443 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.196.100:2379,https://192.168.196.101:2379,https://192.168.196.102:2379 \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator \
  --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client \
  --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
  --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
  --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
  --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/agg_ca.pem \
  --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server.pem \
  --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server-key.pem \
  --enable-aggregator-routing=true \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --v=4"
EOF

注意：关于聚合层说明

#聚合层专用参数

--requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator

--requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client

--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-

--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group

--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User

--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/agg_ca.pem

--proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server.pem

--proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server-key.pem

#K8s 官网关于聚合层说明

https://v1-28.docs.kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/configure-aggregation-layer/

#配置aggregator聚合层专用证书与密钥

agg聚合层专用ca与metrics-server-csr.json 的证书生成

cd /data/k8s-work/agg_cert

bash 复制代码 
cat > agg-ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "agg",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
  }
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca agg-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare agg_ca

cat > agg_ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "agg": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "87600h"
          }
      }
  }
}
EOF

#该文件的CN要与api-server 中的--requestheader-allowed-names参数的名称一致
cat > metrics-server-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "aggregator",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

#生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=agg_ca.pem -ca-key=agg_ca-key.pem -config=agg_ca-config.json -profile=agg metrics-server-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare metrics-server
#同步
cp /data/k8s-work/agg_cert/agg_ca*.pem   /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp /data/k8s-work/agg_cert/metrics-server*.pem  /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/agg_cert/agg_ca*.pem   ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/agg_cert/metrics-server*.pem  ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/agg_cert/agg_ca*.pem   ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/agg_cert/metrics-server*.pem  ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
ls -l

#创建apiserver服务管理配置文件[ma01,ma02,ma03]

bash 复制代码 
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动与测试kube-apiserver

bash 复制代码 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
# 测试
curl --insecure https://192.168.196.100:9443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.196.101:9443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.196.102:9443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.196.200:6443/

4.2 部署kubectl

bash 复制代码 
#创建kubectl 证书请求文件
cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:masters",             
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

#生成证书文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
#复制文件到指定目录
cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp admin*.pem ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp admin*.pem ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/

#将所有密钥放在/data/k8s-work目录下，因为前期做了分类时用的mv方式，现在考回
cd /data/k8s-work
cp admin/* ./
cp agg_cert/* ./
cp etcd_cert/* ./
cp kube-apiserver/ ./
cp kube-apiserver/* ./

#生成上下文配置信息，该文件可以用于切换集群实例

bash 复制代码 
# 生成kube.config配置文件
# 该命令设置一个名为kubernetes的就请你，它指定了集群的CA证书文件(ca.pem)、是否将证书嵌入到kubeconfig文件中(--embed-certs=true)、
# 以及集群的API服务器地址(https://192.168.196.200:6443)。配置结果会保存在指定的kube.config文件中。
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.196.200:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config


# 设置用户凭证
#该命令设置一个名为"admin" 的用户凭证，指定了用户的客户端证书(admin.pem)和客户端密钥(admin-key.pem)。同样，凭证信息会被存储在kube.config 文件中。
kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config


# 配置上线文信息
# 这条命令创建一个名为"kubernetes"的上下文，它将之前设置的集群(kubernetes)和用户(admin)关联起来。上下文用于在执行kubectl 命令时指定使用哪个集群和用户。
kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config


# 使用上下文
# 这条命令告诉kubectl 使用之前设置的名为"kubernetes" 的上下文。这意味着后续的kubectl 命令将会使用这个上下文中定义的集群和用户进行操作。
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config

#查看信息
cat kube.config

#准备kubectl 配置文件并进行角色绑定

#ma01、ma02、ma03

#拷贝kube.config 到/root/kube 目录下，并重命名为config

#kube/config 属于授权文件，有该文件的情况下，该服务器才有权限使用kubectl 进行集群的切换

#该config文件可用于集群中不同环境的切换

bash 复制代码 
mkdir -p /root/.kube
cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
scp kube.config ma02:/root/.kube/config
scp kube.config ma03:/root/.kube/config

该命令用于在Kubernetes集群中创建一个ClusterRoleBindong、具体作用如下：

ClusterRoleBinding：这是一个将ClusterRole用户、组或服务账户绑定的对象。通过创建ClusterRoleBinding，您可以为特定的用户或服务账户授予访问特定资源的权限。

kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis：这是该ClusterRoleBinding的名称。通常，这种命名方式有助于识别该绑定的用途。

--clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-amdin：该参数指定了要绑定的ClusterRole。在这里，system:kubelet-api-admin 是一个内置的ClusterRole，授予对kubelet API 的管理权限。

--user kubernetes：这表示您将ClusterRole 绑定到名为Kubernetes 的用户。这个用户将获得system:kubelet-api-admin角色的权限。

--kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config ：指定用于访问Kubernetes API的kubeconfig 文件路径。这个文件通常包含集群的连接信息和凭据。

[ma01上执行就好]

bash 复制代码 
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config

#查看集群信息

bash 复制代码 
kubectl cluster-info

#查看集群组件状态[其它组件未安装]

bash 复制代码 
#命令
kubectl get componentstatuses
#结果
controller-manager   Unhealthy   Get "https://127.0.0.1:10257/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10257: connect: connection refused
scheduler            Unhealthy   Get "https://127.0.0.1:10259/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10259: connect: connection refused
etcd-0               Healthy     ok

#查看命名空间中资源对象

bash 复制代码 
kubectl get all --all-namespaces

4.3 部署kube-controller-manager

bash 复制代码 
#创建kube-controller-manager 证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.196.100",
      "192.168.196.101",
      "192.168.196.102"
    ],
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

创建kube-controller-manager证书文件

powershell 复制代码 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes \
kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

#生成的文件如下

kube-controller-manager.csr

kube-controller-manager-csr.json

kube-controller-manager-key.pem

kube-controller-manager.pem

#拷贝文件到相关目录下

powershell 复制代码 
mv kube-controller-manager* ./kube-controller-manager
cp kube-controller-manager/* ./

cp /data/k8s-work/kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-controller-manager*.pem ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-controller-manager*.pem ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/

#创建kube-controller-manage的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.196.200:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

#同步

powershell 复制代码 
cp /data/k8s-work/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig ma02:/etc/kubernetes/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig ma03:/etc/kubernetes/

#创建kube-controller-manager配置文件[ma01,ma02.ma03]

powershell 复制代码 
cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS=" \
  --secure-port=10257 \
  --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --cluster-name=kubernetes \
  --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
  --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --leader-elect=true \
  --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
  --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --use-service-account-credentials=true \
  --v=2"
EOF

#创建服务启动文件[ma01,ma02.ma03]

powershell 复制代码 
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#拷贝证书与密钥到相关目录下

powershell 复制代码 
cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf ma02:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf ma03:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-controller-manager.service ma02:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  kube-controller-manager.service ma03:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

#启动

powershell 复制代码 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now  kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager

4.4 部署kube-scheduler

#配置证书请求json文件

powershell 复制代码 
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{
    "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.196.100",
      "192.168.196.101",
      "192.168.196.102"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

#生成kube-scheduler 证书

powershell 复制代码 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
#生成的证书如下
kube-scheduler.csr
kube-scheduler-csr.json
kube-scheduler-key.pem
kube-scheduler.pem

#同步

powershell 复制代码 
cp /data/k8s-work/kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-scheduler*.pem ma02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-scheduler*.pem ma03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/

#创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.196.200:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

#同步

powershell 复制代码 
cp /data/k8s-work/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig ma02:/etc/kubernetes/
scp /data/k8s-work/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig ma03:/etc/kubernetes/

#创建配置文件

powershell 复制代码 
cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS=" \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--v=2"
EOF

#创建服务启动配置文件

powershell 复制代码 
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动服务

powershell 复制代码 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

#检查

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get cs

第五步 工具节点(worker node部署)

#部署cri-dockerd

powershell 复制代码 
cd /soft
wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.9/cri-dockerd-0.3.9-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y cri-dockerd-0.3.9-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

#修改第10行内容,默认启动的pod镜像太低，指定到3.9版本。使用阿里云的镜像仓库，国内下载镜像会比较快

powershell 复制代码 
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9 --container-runtime-endpoint fd://

#启动

powershell 复制代码 
systemctl enable --now cri-docker
systemctl status cri-docker
ll /run/cri-dockerd.sock

5.1 部署kubelet

#ma01、ma02、ma03

#node节点上操作

#创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

#该命令用于获取token 信息

powershell 复制代码 
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)

#该命令用于kubernetes集群的配置，命名为kubernetes,指定CA证书文件,--embed-certs 表示将证书嵌入到kubeconfig文件中。

#指定Kubernetes API服务器的地址

#最后指定要修改的kubeconfig文件。

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.196.200:6443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

#设置用户的凭证

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

#设置上下文

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

#表示将当前上下文切换到default上下文。

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

#创建集群角色绑定

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=kubelet-bootstrap

#创建另一个集群角色绑定

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

#创建kubelet配置文件

#在node节点操作，ma01、ma02、ma03

powershell 复制代码 
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl

#需要修改 address 的地址，该地址需要修改为不同服务器的IP地址。

powershell 复制代码 
cat > /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json << "EOF"
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "192.168.196.100",
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 10255,
  "cgroupDriver": "systemd",
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
  "clusterDNS": ["10.96.0.2"]
}
EOF

#创建kubelet 服务启动管理文件

mkdir /var/lib/kubelet

powershell 复制代码 
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
  --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \
  --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/cri-dockerd.sock \
  --rotate-certificates \
  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9 \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#同步文件与启动

powershell 复制代码 
for i in ma01 ma02 ma03;do scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service  $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
for i in ma01 ma02 ma03;do scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in ma01 ma02 ma03;do scp ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl;done
#拷贝命令到
cd /soft/kubernetes/server/bin/
for i in ma01 ma02 ma03;do scp kubelet kube-scheduler $i:/usr/local/bin/;done

#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
systemctl status kubelet

#测验
kubectl get nodes

5.2 部署kube-proxy证书请求文件

powershell 复制代码 
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

#生成证书

powershell 复制代码 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

#查看

powershell 复制代码 
ls -l kube-proxy*

#生成的证书如下

kube-proxy.csr

kube-proxy-csr.json

kube-proxy-key.pem

kube-proxy.pem

#创建kubeconfig 文件

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.196.200:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

#创建服务配置文件

#ma01\ma02\ma03

bindAddress 需要根据不同的主机进行修改IP地址

powershell 复制代码 
cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.196.100
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.196.100:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.196.100:10249
mode: "ipvs"
EOF

#创建服务器启动管理文件

#创建proxy的工作目录，和服务启动文件对应

powershell 复制代码 
mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy

#配置启动文件

powershell 复制代码 
cat >  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#同步文件

powershell 复制代码 
for i in ma01 ma02 ma03;do scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig $i:/etc/kubernetes/; done
for i in ma01 ma02 ma03;do scp kube-proxy*pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl; done

#启动服务

powershell 复制代码 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-proxy

第六步 网络组件部署Calio

官网：https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/about

#先使用wget下载后，检查文件正常后在进行部署

powershell 复制代码 
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.4/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.4/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

#custom-resources.yaml文件默认的pod网络为192.168.0.0/16，我们定义的pod网络为10.244.0.0/16,需要修改后再执行

powershell 复制代码 
cat custom-resources.yaml
cidr: 192.168.0.0/16  修改成  cidr: 10.244.0.0/16

#应用文件

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl create -f tigera-operator.yaml

#查看有哪些命名空间

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get ns

#查看命名空间中有哪些pod

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get pod -n tigera-operator

#应用文件[应用该文件，需要翻墙软件打开，并安装一些组件，该过程因为资源问题进行了多次HAProxy的切换]

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl create -f custom-resources.yaml
kubectl get ns

#查看该命名空间下的pod的下载安装运行情况

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get pod -n calico-system
kubectl get nodes

第七步 部署CoreDNS

powershell 复制代码 
cat >  coredns.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
    - endpoints
    - services
    - pods
    - namespaces
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
  - apiGroups:
    - discovery.k8s.io
    resources:
    - endpointslices
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local  in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.10.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
 
EOF

#应用文件

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

#查看

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get pods -o wide
kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
#验证DNS域名解析是否正常
dig -t a www.baidu.com @10.96.0.2

#部署应用验证

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl create ns my-nginx
kubectl create deploy  my-nginx --image=nginx:1.23.0 -n my-nginx --dry-run -o yaml >> my-nginx.yaml
kubectl apply -f my-nginx.yaml
kubectl expose deployment my-nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort -n my-nginx --dry-run -o yaml >> nginx-svc.yaml
kubectl apply -f nginx-svc.yaml
#根据查询的nginx 的信息，获取nginx的暴露端口
kubectl get all -n my-nginx
#根据nginx的暴露端口是30604，进行访问验证，因为NGINX 没有添加证书认证，所有不需要https的访问协议
http://192.168.196.200:32111

#安装命令补全安装包

powershell 复制代码 
yum install bash-completion -y
#生效
source <(kubectl completion bash)
#未生效还需执行下方的命令
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion

#获取所有的资源信息
kubectl api-resources
#获取组件状态信息[componentstatuses的缩写是cs]
kubectl get cs

八 安装部署metric-server

#旧版本的监控组件是heapster

#新版本采用Metrics-server 聚合器采集cAdvisor数据信息。cAdvisor 聚合器内嵌到kubectl 中。

#监控集群资源需要安装Metrics-server

#监控的流程：kubectl top -> apiserver -> metrics-server pod -> kubelet(cadvisor)

#Metrics-server 的安装

powershell 复制代码 
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/latest/download/components.yaml

#配置components.yaml文件

主要增加：- --kubelet-insecure-tls

powershell 复制代码 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=10250
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,Hostname,InternalDNS,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --metric-resolution=15s
        image: registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.7.2
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

#安装部署

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl apply -f components.yaml
kubectl get deployment metrics-server -n kube-system
kubectl get --raw /apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/pods
kubectl logs -n kube-system -l k8s-app=metrics-server

#如果因为网络的问题，pull错误后，需要删除pod ，再进行apply

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl delete pod metrics-server-75bf97fcc9-ch4dh -n kube-system

#获取kube-system 命名空间中的pods，获取到pod名称

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

#查看pod的状态

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl describe pod metrics-server-75bf97fcc9-g5r9v -n kube-system
kubectl logs -n kube-system -l k8s-app=metrics-server
#下面为注释状态，无需理会
#git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server
#cd metrics-server/
#cat metrics-server-deployment.yaml

#因为在delete时，k8s部分会默认自动重新创建pod，所以需要加deployment

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl delete deployment metrics-server -n kube-system

#进行查看验证

kubectl --help

查看Node资源消耗

kubectl top node

查看Pod资源消耗

kubectl top pod

#其它知识

k8s 中的 cpu(core) 中1000m=1c

kubectl top node ma01 --sort-by='cpu'

kubectl top pods --sort-by='memory'

ps -ef|grep kubelet

#通过journalctl -u 的方式查看相关组件的日志

journalctl -u kubelet

journalctl -u apiservice

#倒数也就是最新输出，展示100行

kubectl logs -f metrics-server-65bc69d777-77zds -n kube-system --tail=100

#最旧

kubectl logs -f metrics-server-65bc69d777-77zds -n kube-system --tail=-100

#查看k8s的版本，服务器的版本，内核信息

kubectl get nodes -o wide

八、安装部署helm

官网：https://helm.sh/

Helm的三个重要概念：Chart、Repository和Release

powershell 复制代码 
wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.13.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf helm-v3.13.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp /soft/linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm
scp /soft/linux-amd64/helm ma02:/usr/local/bin/
scp /soft/linux-amd64/helm ma03:/usr/local/bin/

其它命令与生效

powershell 复制代码 
#查看版本
helm version
#命令补全
source <(helm completion bash)
或者
echo "source <(helm completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

九、安装部署Dashboard

官网：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

#安装dashboard

powershell 复制代码 
helm repo add kubernetes-dashboard https://kubernetes.github.io/dashboard/
helm upgrade --install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard --create-namespace --namespace kubernetes-dashboard

#查看

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get serviceAccount,svc,deploy,pod -n kubernetes-dashboard

#如果存在pod的镜像没有下载完成，可以如下操作

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl delete pod kubernetes-dashboard-kong-76dff7b666-hdmgd  -n kubernetes-dashboard

#上条命令没有进行重新下载安装则执行如下命令

powershell 复制代码 
helm upgrade --install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard --create-namespace --namespace kubernetes-dashboard

#访问dashboard

#查看服务

kubectl get services -n kubernetes-dashboard

#更改IP类型，有多种方案。可以根据不同的暴露方案或者k8s的其它技术进行开放外部访问。

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl patch service kubernetes-dashboard-kong-proxy -n kubernetes-dashboard -p '{"spec":{"type":"NodePort"}}'
kubectl get services -n kubernetes-dashboard

#创建ServiceAccount和Secret

powershell 复制代码 
cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
metadata:
    name: dashboard-admin
    namespace: kube-system
    annotations:
      kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "dashboard-admin"
EOF

#绑定集群

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

#查看token

powershell 复制代码 
kubectl describe secrets  dashboard-admin -n kube-system

#根据暴露的NodePort 进行访问，网页需要输入token

powershell 复制代码 
https://192.168.196.100:30788/#/workloads?namespace=default
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