初识Rabbitmq

浪 子2024-12-07 11:17

一.介绍mq

1.mq解决问题

1）异步调用

服务A可以给mq发送消息，然后服务B监听mq，进行消费消息，这样做不需要服务B实时的去处理服务A的请求，可以慢慢消费服务A的请求，异步调用使得服务B不需要立刻处理大量的请求，给了服务B缓冲。

2）削峰填谷

在某一时刻发生了大量请求的时候，可以使用mq把请求存起来，避免服务直接面临峰值流量，把消息存起来，慢慢消费，这样，就把峰值的流量削下来了。

3）服务解耦

可以使用mq来存储消息，并把消息发给需要的服务，将联系密切的服务进行解耦。

2.mq优势

1）使用AMQP协议

2）使用erlang语言（并发程度高，延迟低）

3）支持主流的开发语言。

二。mq架构图

三.引入依赖

java 复制代码 
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
        <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
        <version>5.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

四.mq种类

1）Work Queues

工作队列模式下，会把消息发送给默认交换机，之后发送给队列，队列默认会对消费者进行轮询发放。（不考虑消费速度）

java 复制代码 
package consumer;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class Consumer {
    public static String QUEUE = "HELLO";
    @Test
    public void consumer1() throws Exception {
        Connection connection= RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        //2.获取信道channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE,false,false,false,null);
        //3.5设置流量管控
        channel.basicQos(3);
        //4.监听消息
        DefaultConsumer callback=new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者1好收到消息"+new String(body,"utf-8"));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        };
       channel.basicConsume(QUEUE,false,callback);
        System.in.read();
    }
    @Test
    public void consumer2() throws Exception {
        Connection connection= RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        //2.获取信道channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE,false,false,false,null);
        //3.5设置流量管控
        channel.basicQos(3);
        //4.监听消息
        DefaultConsumer callback=new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("消费者2好收到消息"+new String(body,"utf-8"));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE,false,callback);
        System.in.read();
    }
}

通过将ack设置为false，使用channel.basicQos来设置一次拿的消息数量，实现按照流量处理速度来获取相应数量的消息。

2）Publish/Subscribe

FANOUT模式下不需要设置routingkey，另外，将消息发送到交换机绑定的所有队列中

java 复制代码 
package com.gyx.pubsub;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class Publisher {
    public String Exchange = "Exchange_Publishpubsb";
    public String Queue1_NAME = "QUEUE1";
    public String Queue2_NAME = "QUEUE2";
    //1.建立连接
    @Test
    public void pubsbPublisher() throws Exception {
        //1.建立连接

            Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2.建立信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建交换机
     channel.exchangeDeclare(Exchange, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);

        //4.构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Queue1_NAME,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(Queue2_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        //5.绑定交换机，队列
        channel.queueBind(Queue1_NAME,Exchange,"");
        channel.queueBind(Queue2_NAME,Exchange,"");
        //6.发送消息
        channel.basicPublish(Exchange,"",null,"nihao".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        System.in.read();
    }
}

3）routing

java 复制代码 
package com.gyx.routing;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class Publisher {
    public String EXCHANGE_NAME = "EXCHANGE_ROUTING";
    public String QUEUE1 = "Rouitng_Queue1";
    public String QUEUE2 = "Routing_Queue2";
    @Test
    public void Publish() throws Exception {
        //1.建立连接
        Connection connection= RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        //2.建立信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //4.声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE1,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE2,false,false,false,null);
        //5.绑定交换机
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"orange");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"black");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"green");
        //6.发送消息
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"orange",null,"orange111".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"black",null,"black111".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"white",null,"white111".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        System.in.read();


    }
}

4）topic

java 复制代码 
package com.gyx.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class Publisher {
    public String EXCHANGE_NAME = "EXCHANGE_TOPIC";
    public String QUEUE1 = "Topic_Queue1";
    public String QUEUE2 = "Topic_Queue2";
    @Test
    public void Publish() throws Exception {
        //1.建立连接
        Connection connection= RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        //2.建立信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
        //4.声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE1,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE2,false,false,false,null);
        //5.绑定交换机
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.orange.*");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.*.rabbit");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.#");
        //6.发送消息
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"bid.orange.rabbit",null,"大橙色兔".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"small.white.rabbit",null,"小白兔".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.sadadad",null,"懒惰".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        System.in.read();
    }
}

5）rpc

代码如下：

java 复制代码 
package com.gyx.rpc;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.UUID;

public class Publisher {
    public static final String QUEUE_PUBLISHER = "rpc_publisher";
    public static final String QUEUE_CONSUMER = "rpc_consumer";
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void Publish() throws Exception {
        Connection connection= RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null);
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties= new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().
                replyTo(QUEUE_CONSUMER)
                .correlationId(uuid).build();
        channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_PUBLISHER,properties,"hello RPC".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){

            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
               String uid= properties.getCorrelationId();
                if(uid != null && uid.equals(uuid)){
                    System.out.println("客户端接收相应"+new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                }
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);

            }
        });
        System.in.read();

    }
    @Test
    public void Consumer() throws Exception {
        Connection connection= RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null);
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){

            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String uid= properties.getCorrelationId();
                String replyTo = properties.getReplyTo();
                AMQP.BasicProperties pro =new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder()
                        .correlationId(uid).build();
                 channel.basicPublish("",replyTo,pro,"服务端处理消息".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);

            }
        });
        System.in.read();

    }
}
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