探索温度计的数字化设计：一个可视化温度数据的Web图表案例

随着科技的发展，数据可视化在各个领域中的应用越来越广泛。在温度监控和展示方面，传统的温度计已逐渐被数字化温度计所取代。本文将介绍一个使用Echarts库创建的温度计Web图表，该图表通过动态数据可视化展示了温度值，并通过渐变色和刻度设计增加了温度计的真实感。

项目需求

在我们的项目中，我们需要创建一个温度计图表，它可以实时展示温度值，并具有渐变色的温度刻度。此外，我们还希望温度计的显示内容能够根据温度值的变化而变化，例如当温度偏高时显示特定的文本。

技术选型

为了实现这个项目，我们选择了 ECharts 作为我们的图表库。ECharts 提供了多种图表类型，包括条形图、折线图、饼图等，并且可以轻松地自定义图表样式和交互功能。此外，ECharts 支持响应式设计，能够适应不同大小的屏幕。

实现过程

初始化 ECharts 实例：我们首先需要在 HTML 页面中引入 ECharts 库，并创建一个图表容器。然后，我们可以通过 JavaScript 初始化 ECharts 实例，并设置图表的基本配置。
配置图表系列：我们创建了多个系列，包括温度计的显示内容、温度刻度、温度计柱等。每个系列都有其独特的配置，如类型、数据、样式等。
温度值和显示内容的处理：我们定义了温度值 TP_value 和显示内容 TP_txt，并根据温度值的不同范围，设置了不同的显示内容和渐变色。
温度刻度的处理：我们使用了一个循环来构造温度刻度，并根据温度值的不同范围，设置了不同的刻度值。
温度计柱的处理：我们设置了温度计柱的渐变色和样式，并根据温度值的不同范围，设置了不同的显示内容和样式。
显示内容和定位的处理：我们设置了显示内容和定位，并根据温度值的不同范围，设置了不同的显示内容和定位。
避免温度过低右侧指示内容出界：我们设置了温度计柱的宽度，并根据温度值的不同范围，设置了不同的宽度。

实现代码

通过以上步骤，我们成功地创建了一个温度计的数字化呈现。该图表可以实时展示温度值，并具有渐变色的温度刻度。代码如下：

var TP_value = 10;  // 温度
var kd = [];        // 刻度
var Gradient = [];  // 存放颜色的数组
var leftColor = ''; // 显示文本的颜色
var showValue = ''; // 显示内容 温度数字
var boxPosition = [65, 0];  // 显示内容的定位
var TP_txt = '';    // 显示内容 文本

// 刻度使用柱状图模拟，短设置1，长的设置3；构造一个数据
for (var i = 0, len = 135; i <= len; i++) {
  if (i < 10 || i > 130) {
    kd.push('')
  } 
  else {
    if ((i - 10) % 20 === 0) {
      kd.push('-3');
    } 
    else if ((i - 10) % 4 === 0) {
      kd.push('-1');
    } 
    else {
      kd.push('');
    }
  }
}

//中间线的渐变色和文本内容
if (TP_value > 20) {
  TP_txt = '温度偏高';
  Gradient.push({
    offset: 0,
    color: '#93FE94'
  }, {
    offset: 0.5,
    color: '#E4D225'
  }, {
    offset: 1,
    color: '#E01F28'
  })
} 
else if (TP_value > -20) {
  TP_txt = '温度正常';
  Gradient.push({
    offset: 0,
    color: '#93FE94'
  }, {
    offset: 1,
    color: '#E4D225'
  })
} 
else {
  TP_txt = '温度偏低';
  Gradient.push({
    offset: 1,
    color: '#93FE94'
  })
}
if (TP_value > 62) {
  showValue = 62
} 
else {
  if (TP_value < -60) {
    showValue = -60
  } 
  else {
    showValue = TP_value
  }
}
// 避免温度过低 右侧指示内容出界
if (TP_value < -10) {
  boxPosition = [65, -120];
}

leftColor = Gradient[Gradient.length - 1].color;
// 因为柱状初始化为0，温度存在负值，所以加上负值60和空出距离10


option = {
  backgroundColor: '#0C2F6F',
  title: {
    text: '温度计',
    show: true,
    textStyle: {
      color: '#fff'
    }
  },
  yAxis: [
    {
      show: false,
      data: [],
      min: 0,
      max: 135,
      axisLine: {
        show: false
      }
    }, 
    {
      show: false,
      min: 0,
      max: 50,
    }, 
    {
      type: 'category',
      data: ['', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '°C'],
      position: 'left',
      offset: -150,
      axisLabel: {
        fontSize: 18,
        color: 'white'
      },
      axisLine: {
        show: false
      },
      axisTick: {
        show: false
      },
    }
  ],
  xAxis: [
    {
      show: false,
      min: -10,
      max: 80,
      data: []
    }, 
    {
      show: false,
      min: -10,
      max: 80,
      data: []
    }, 
    {
      show: false,
      min: -10,
      max: 80,
      data: []
    }, 
    {
      show: false,
      min: -5,
      max: 80,
    }
  ],
  series: [{
    name: '条/温度计柱',
    type: 'bar',
    // 对应上面XAxis的第一个对象配置
    xAxisIndex: 0,
    data: [{
      value: (showValue + 70),
      label: {
        normal: {
          show: true,
          position: boxPosition,
          backgroundColor: {
            image: 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svnWdfQMeH3i689G3u4TMS0LHwBoLWyVWUo4v4/p0feaqz5R1K3XdejRe9/m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%0AAElFTkSuQmCC', //文字框背景图
          },
          width: 100,
          height: 30,
          padding: [30, -40, 0, 0],
          formatter: '{back| ' + TP_value + ' }{unit|°C}
{downTxt|' + TP_txt + '}',
          rich: {
            back: {
              align: 'right',
              lineHeight: 36,
              fontSize: 24,
              fontFamily: '微软雅黑',
              color: leftColor
            },
            unit: {
              align: 'right',
              fontFamily: '微软雅黑',
              fontSize: 14,
              lineHeight: 36,
              color: '#fff'
            },
            downTxt: {
              lineHeight: 36,
              fontSize: 24,
              align: 'right',
              color: leftColor
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }],
    barWidth: 20,
    itemStyle: {
      normal: {
        color: new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 1, 0, 0, Gradient)
      }
    },
    z: 2
  }, {
    name: '白框/里面填充柱',
    type: 'bar',
    xAxisIndex: 1,
    barGap: '-100%',
    data: [134],
    barWidth: 28,
    itemStyle: {
      normal: {
        color: '#0C2E6D',
        barBorderRadius: 50,
      }
    },
    z: 1
  }, {
    name: '外框',
    type: 'bar',
    xAxisIndex: 2,
    barGap: '-100%',
    data: [135],
    barWidth: 38,
    itemStyle: {
      normal: {
        color: '#4577BA',
        barBorderRadius: 50,
      }
    },
    z: 0
  }, {
    name: '圆',
    type: 'scatter',
    hoverAnimation: false,
    data: [0],
    xAxisIndex: 0,
    symbolSize: 48,
    itemStyle: {
      normal: {
        color: '#93FE94',
        opacity: 1,
      }
    },
    z: 2
  }, {
    name: '白圆/温度计圆下方圆',
    type: 'scatter',
    hoverAnimation: false,
    data: [0],
    xAxisIndex: 1,
    symbolSize: 60,
    itemStyle: {
      normal: {
        color: '#0C2E6D',
        opacity: 1,
      }
    },
    z: 1
  }, {
    name: '外圆/最外层圆',
    type: 'scatter',
    hoverAnimation: false,
    data: [0],
    xAxisIndex: 2,
    symbolSize: 70,
    itemStyle: {
      normal: {
        color: '#4577BA',
        opacity: 1,
      }
    },
    z: 0
  }, {
    name: '刻度',
    type: 'bar',
    yAxisIndex: 0,
    xAxisIndex: 3,
    label: {
      normal: {
        show: true,
        position: 'left',
        distance: 10,
        color: 'white',
        fontSize: 14,
        formatter: function(params) {
          if (params.dataIndex > 130 || params.dataIndex < 10) {
            return '';
          } else {
            if ((params.dataIndex - 10) % 20 === 0) {
              return params.dataIndex - 70;
            } else {
              return '';
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    barGap: '-100%',
    data: kd,
    barWidth: 1,
    itemStyle: {
      normal: {
        color: 'white',
        barBorderRadius: 120,
      }
    },
    z: 0
  }]
};

总结

通过这个项目，我们了解了如何使用 ECharts 创建一个温度计的数字化呈现。ECharts 提供了丰富的图表类型和强大的交互功能，非常适合用于数据展示和分析。在未来的项目中，我们可以继续探索 ECharts 的其他功能和图表类型，以实现更多有趣和实用的数据可视化效果。