Linux 安装 与 Docker 安装 配置镜像

基哥的奋斗历程2024-12-17 11:01

1.下载 Centos 镜像

Download - The CentOS Project

2.安装VM

https://support.broadcom.com/group/ecx/productdownloads?subfamily=VMware+Workstation+Pro

下17.5.2版本免费

https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article?articleNumber=368667 说明

bash 复制代码 
NZ4RR-FTK5H-H81C1-Q30QH-1V2LA

许可证

带界面的

配置网络

先看网段

点击虚拟网络编辑器

先点击一下NAT模式的那个 看子网 192.168.181 所以我们的网段必须跟这个前三个一样

vm .2默认是网关 所以最好我们选取的时候往后面排

配置主机名 点击应用

点击完成

安装完成

3.安装Docker

1.先执行删除以前版本的Docker

bash 复制代码 
sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

2.安装yum存储库

bash 复制代码 
yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

这时候会出来一个镜像已经无法抵达的错误

bash 复制代码 
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的错误"

3.解决错误

我们的服务器没法访问镜像的网络，所以我们需要配置正确的镜像源；

进入 /etc/yum.repos.d文件目录；

bash 复制代码 
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
1.先备份
bash 复制代码 
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

编辑CentOS-Base.repo 文件（必选）

全选替换 centos-base.repo

bash 复制代码 
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

第一个就行 我用上面那个就好使

或者

bash 复制代码 
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
2.编辑 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo 文件：(没有不用管)

替换内容： ***注意哦！！！***这里不是全部替换，只替换【centos-sclo-rh】下面的内容。

bash 复制代码 
[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-$releasever - SCLo rh
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
3.编辑 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo 文件（如果没有这个文件，不用管）
bash 复制代码 
[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS-$releasever - SCLo sclo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/sclo/$basearch/sclo/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
4.清理缓存、重新加载缓存
清理缓存
bash 复制代码 
yum clean all
加载缓存
bash 复制代码 
yum makecache

完美解决

此方法引入 感谢博主

【CentOS7】yum 报错：Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org_loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile could n-CSDN博客

4.配置镜像源

bash 复制代码 
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

5.安装最新版本

bash 复制代码 
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

如果想安装具体版本

bash 复制代码 
dnf list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

docker-ce.x86_64    3:27.4.0-1.el9    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64    3:27.3.1-1.el9    docker-ce-stable
<...>
bash 复制代码 
sudo yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

6.启动docker

bash 复制代码 
sudo systemctl enable --now docker

7.拉取Hello world 镜像 并运行

bash 复制代码 
sudo docker run hello-world
1.出现报错
bash 复制代码 
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": context deadline exceeded.
See 'docker run --help'.
2.配置阿里云镜像
bash 复制代码 
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
bash 复制代码 
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://udron5t9.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
bash 复制代码 
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
bash 复制代码 
sudo systemctl restart docker
3.最后把镜像在做上补充
bash 复制代码 
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
bash 复制代码 
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://docker.registry.cyou",
    "https://docker-cf.registry.cyou",
    "https://dockercf.jsdelivr.fyi",
    "https://docker.jsdelivr.fyi",
    "https://dockertest.jsdelivr.fyi",
    "https://mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://dockerproxy.com",
    "https://mirror.baidubce.com",
    "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://docker.nju.edu.cn",
    "https://docker.mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn",
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
    "https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn",
    "https://docker.rainbond.cc",
    "https://udron5t9.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
  ]
}
bash 复制代码 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

再次保存重启

4.运行 Hello world

完美解决

这样docker就安装完毕了

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