Nginx 负载均衡的实现

1. 机器准备

|-------|------------|
| 客户端 | 10.0.0.205 |
| nginx | 10.0.0.206 |
| web1 | 10.0.0.203 |
| web2 | 10.0.0.204 |

2. nginx 服务配置

下载 nginx

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # apt install nginx -y

编辑配置文件，将请求分发到后端服务器

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/load_balance.conf

upstream backend_servers {

server 10.0.0.203:8081 weight=2; # 权重为 2

server 10.0.0.204:8082 weight=1; # 权重为 1

}

server {

listen 81;

location / {

proxy_pass http://backend_servers;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

}

}

检查配置

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

重启 nginx 服务

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # systemctl restart nginx.service

3. 后端服务器准备

创建第一个后端服务

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # mkdir -p /var/www/backend1

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # echo "Backend Server 1" > /var/www/backend1/index.html

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # python3 -m http.server 8081 --directory /var/www/backend1 &

创建第二个后端服务

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # mkdir -p /var/www/backend2

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # echo "Backend Server 2" > /var/www/backend2/index.html

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # python3 -m http.server 8082 --directory /var/www/backend2 &

验证后端服务是否正常运行

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # curl http://10.0.0.203:8081

Backend Server 1

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # curl http://10.0.0.204:8082

Backend Server 2

4. 测试负载均衡

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # for i in {1..10};do curl http://10.0.0.206:81;done

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 1

Backend Server 1

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 1

Backend Server 1

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 1

Backend Server 1

Backend Server 2

5. 健康检查

停止一个服务，测试nginx是否能检测到异常，并合理分发请求

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # pkill -f "python3 -m http.server 8081"

客户端继续访问后端服务

$root@ubuntu2204 \~$ # for i in {1..10};do curl http://10.0.0.206:81;done

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2

Backend Server 2