演示动画：https://life.mdjsjd.me/2024/12/27/3d-cube-animation/
一个使用Python和Pygame制作的炫酷3D立方体动画效果。结合了多种视觉特效,包括:
- 动态旋转的3D立方体
- 炫彩渐变的颜色系统
- 星空背景粒子效果
- 动态残影拖尾效果
- 深度透视投影
主要特性
- 动态变换: 立方体会进行多维度旋转和形变
- 颜色系统: 支持多种配色方案的平滑渐变
- 星空背景: 动态的星空粒子背景效果
- 视觉特效: 包含残影、脉冲等视觉效果
实现细节
该动画主要由以下几个核心类组成:
ColorPalette: 处理颜色渐变StarField: 生成星空背景AdvancedCubeAnimation: 控制立方体变换与渲染
使用了多种数学变换矩阵实现3D效果:
- 旋转矩阵
- 错切变换
- 透视投影
运行方式
1.安装依赖:
bash
pip install pygame numpy opencv-python2.代码：
python
import pygame
import math
import numpy as np
import random
import cv2
import os
# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
# 屏幕设置
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 1200, 800
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT), pygame.DOUBLEBUF | pygame.HWSURFACE)
pygame.display.set_caption("🚀 究极炫酷3D立方体宇宙 🌌")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# 颜色和渐变
class ColorPalette:
def __init__(self):
self.palettes = [
[(255, 50, 50), (50, 255, 50), (50, 50, 255)], # 经典RGB
[(255, 100, 0), (255, 200, 0), (200, 0, 255)], # 霓虹
[(0, 255, 255), (255, 0, 255), (255, 255, 0)], # 赛博朋克
[(100, 0, 255), (0, 255, 100), (255, 0, 100)], # 科技感
]
self.current_palette = random.choice(self.palettes)
self.transition_speed = 0.02
self.color_index = 0
self.next_color_index = (self.color_index + 1) % len(self.current_palette)
self.color_progress = 0
def get_interpolated_color(self):
start_color = self.current_palette[self.color_index]
end_color = self.current_palette[self.next_color_index]
r = start_color[0] + (end_color[0] - start_color[0]) * self.color_progress
g = start_color[1] + (end_color[1] - start_color[1]) * self.color_progress
b = start_color[2] + (end_color[2] - start_color[2]) * self.color_progress
self.color_progress += self.transition_speed
if self.color_progress >= 1:
self.color_progress = 0
self.color_index = self.next_color_index
self.next_color_index = (self.color_index + 1) % len(self.current_palette)
return (int(r), int(g), int(b))
# 背景星空特效
class StarField:
def __init__(self, num_stars=200):
self.stars = []
for _ in range(num_stars):
x = random.randint(0, WIDTH)
y = random.randint(0, HEIGHT)
z = random.uniform(0, 1)
self.stars.append([x, y, z])
def move_stars(self):
for star in self.stars:
star[2] -= 0.05
if star[2] <= 0:
star[0] = random.randint(0, WIDTH)
star[1] = random.randint(0, HEIGHT)
star[2] = 1
def draw(self, screen):
for star in self.stars:
size = int((1 - star[2]) * 3)
brightness = int(255 * (1 - star[2]))
color = (brightness, brightness, brightness)
pygame.draw.circle(screen, color, (int(star[0]), int(star[1])), size)
# 3D变换矩阵（增加更多变换方式）
def create_transformation_matrices():
matrices = {
'rotate_x': lambda angle: np.array([
[1, 0, 0],
[0, math.cos(angle), -math.sin(angle)],
[0, math.sin(angle), math.cos(angle)]
]),
'rotate_y': lambda angle: np.array([
[math.cos(angle), 0, math.sin(angle)],
[0, 1, 0],
[-math.sin(angle), 0, math.cos(angle)]
]),
'rotate_z': lambda angle: np.array([
[math.cos(angle), -math.sin(angle), 0],
[math.sin(angle), math.cos(angle), 0],
[0, 0, 1]
]),
'shear_x': lambda s: np.array([
[1, s, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 1]
]),
'shear_y': lambda s: np.array([
[1, 0, 0],
[s, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 1]
])
}
return matrices
# 立方体生成器（增加随机性和复杂性）
def create_dynamic_cube(size=1, complexity=1):
half = size / 2
base_vertices = np.array([
[-half, -half, -half],
[half, -half, -half],
[half, half, -half],
[-half, half, -half],
[-half, -half, half],
[half, -half, half],
[half, half, half],
[-half, half, half]
])
# 随机扰动顶点
if complexity > 0:
noise = np.random.uniform(-complexity * 0.1, complexity * 0.1, base_vertices.shape)
base_vertices += noise
return base_vertices
# 投影函数（改进的透视投影）
def advanced_project(point, distance=5, width=WIDTH, height=HEIGHT):
x, y, z = point
# 非线性深度缩放
scale_factor = 1 / (1 + math.exp(-z))
perspective_factor = distance / (distance + z + 0.1)
x_proj = x * perspective_factor * width * 0.3
y_proj = y * perspective_factor * height * 0.3
return (
int(x_proj + width / 2),
int(y_proj + height / 2),
scale_factor
)
# 主动画类（增加更多动态效果）
class AdvancedCubeAnimation:
def __init__(self):
self.matrices = create_transformation_matrices()
self.cube = create_dynamic_cube(complexity=1.5)
self.color_palette = ColorPalette()
self.starfield = StarField()
# 多样的动画参数
self.rotation_params = {
'x': {'angle': 0, 'speed': 0.02, 'amplitude': 1},
'y': {'angle': 0, 'speed': 0.015, 'amplitude': 1.2},
'z': {'angle': 0, 'speed': 0.01, 'amplitude': 0.8}
}
# 额外的变形参数
self.morph_params = {
'shear_x': 0,
'shear_y': 0,
'morph_speed_x': 0.05,
'morph_speed_y': 0.03
}
# 炫酷特效参数
self.effect_params = {
'pulse_scale': 1,
'pulse_speed': 0.02,
'trail_mode': False,
'glitch_mode': False
}
def update_transformations(self):
# 更新旋转
for axis, params in self.rotation_params.items():
params['angle'] += params['speed'] * params['amplitude']
# 更新形变
self.morph_params['shear_x'] = math.sin(pygame.time.get_ticks() * 0.001) * 0.5
self.morph_params['shear_y'] = math.cos(pygame.time.get_ticks() * 0.002) * 0.5
# 脉冲效果
self.effect_params['pulse_scale'] = 1 + math.sin(pygame.time.get_ticks() * self.effect_params['pulse_speed']) * 0.2
def apply_transformations(self):
# 组合变换矩阵
Rx = self.matrices['rotate_x'](self.rotation_params['x']['angle'])
Ry = self.matrices['rotate_y'](self.rotation_params['y']['angle'])
Rz = self.matrices['rotate_z'](self.rotation_params['z']['angle'])
Sx = self.matrices['shear_x'](self.morph_params['shear_x'])
Sy = self.matrices['shear_y'](self.morph_params['shear_y'])
# 组合旋转和形变
transformation = Rz @ Ry @ Rx @ Sy @ Sx
return self.cube @ transformation.T
def draw_cube(self, screen):
# 应用变换
transformed_cube = self.apply_transformations()
# 立方体的边
edges = [
(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), # 底面
(4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 7), (7, 4), # 顶面
(0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7) # 连接边
]
# 获取动态颜色
base_color = self.color_palette.get_interpolated_color()
# 绘制边
for edge in edges:
start = transformed_cube[edge[0]]
end = transformed_cube[edge[1]]
start_2d = advanced_project(start)
end_2d = advanced_project(end)
# 根据深度调整线条
depth_factor = start_2d[2]
line_width = max(1, int(4 * depth_factor))
# 应用脉冲和颜色变化
pulse_color = tuple(int(c * (0.7 + depth_factor * 0.3)) for c in base_color)
pygame.draw.line(screen, pulse_color, start_2d[:2], end_2d[:2], line_width)
def main():
# 初始化
animation = AdvancedCubeAnimation()
# 视频导出准备
os.makedirs('output', exist_ok=True)
# OpenCV视频写入器
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v')
out = cv2.VideoWriter('output/3d_cube_animation.mp4', fourcc, 60.0, (WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# 创建背景
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
# 总帧数和持续时间
frame_count = 0
max_frames = 600 # 10秒 * 60帧
while frame_count < max_frames:
# 背景处理（拖尾效果）
background.set_alpha(50)
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
# 绘制星空背景
animation.starfield.move_stars()
animation.starfield.draw(screen)
# 绘制立方体
animation.update_transformations()
animation.draw_cube(screen)
# 更新显示
pygame.display.flip()
# 捕获帧
frame_surface = screen.copy()
frame_data = pygame.surfarray.array3d(frame_surface)
frame_data = frame_data.transpose([1, 0, 2])
# 转换为 OpenCV 格式 (BGR)
frame_bgr = cv2.cvtColor(frame_data, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
out.write(frame_bgr)
frame_count += 1
clock.tick(60)
# 释放资源
out.release()
pygame.quit()
print("视频导出完成！保存在 output/3d_cube_animation.mp4")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()