Spring理论知识（Ⅴ）——Spring Web模块

Spring的组成

Spring由20个核心依赖组成，这20个核心依赖可以分为6个核心模块

Spring Web模块简介

众所周知，Java目前最大的一个用途就是作为Web应用的服务端（Java Web）

Spring又是JavaEE中使用最广泛的开发框架，所以Spring的Web模块的重要性，不言而喻

Spring Web模块是Spring框架的重要组成部分，主要用于构建基于HTTP协议的Web应用程序，尤其是RESTful服务。它提供了对Web开发的支持，包括处理HTTP请求、响应、会话管理等，是开发现代Web应用和服务的核心模块之一。

Spring Web是对Spring Web之前的Web开发（Tomcat的ServletWeb应用+jquery）的一种增强，其本质依然是以Servlet为核心的Web应用

Spring Web模块的jar包组成以及简介

1. spring-web.jar：

作用：这是Spring Web模块的核心库，提供了处理HTTP请求、响应的基本功能，支持MVC架构和视图解析。

主要功能：包括Spring MVC框架、控制器类、请求映射注解（如@RequestMapping）、视图解析器等。

2. spring-webmvc.jar：

作用：这是Spring Web的MVC实现库，专门为Web应用提供了MVC架构的完整实现。

主要功能：实现了控制器、模型、视图等MVC的核心组件，提供了视图解析（如JSP、Thymeleaf）、请求处理和会话管理等功能。

3. spring-webflux.jar（可选）：

作用：这是Spring 5之后引入的响应式Web框架，支持非阻塞式的响应式编程模型，适合高并发应用。

主要功能：提供了基于Reactor库的响应式Web应用开发，支持WebFlux框架的API。

组成jar包的详细介绍

spring-web介绍

pom文件依赖分析

xml 复制代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  <name>Spring Web</name>
  <description>Spring Web</description>
  <url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</url>
  <organization>
    <name>Spring IO</name>
    <url>http://projects.spring.io/spring-framework</url>
  </organization>
  <licenses>
    <license>
      <name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
      <url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
      <distribution>repo</distribution>
    </license>
  </licenses>
  <developers>
    <developer>
      <id>jhoeller</id>
      <name>Juergen Hoeller</name>
      <email>jhoeller@pivotal.io</email>
    </developer>
  </developers>
  <scm>
    <connection>scm:git:git://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</connection>
    <developerConnection>scm:git:git://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</developerConnection>
    <url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</url>
  </scm>
  <issueManagement>
    <system>Jira</system>
    <url>https://jira.springsource.org/browse/SPR</url>
  </issueManagement>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.caucho</groupId>
      <artifactId>hessian</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.51</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-cbor</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-smile</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.woodstox</groupId>
      <artifactId>woodstox-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.3</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>stax-api</artifactId>
          <groupId>stax</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml</groupId>
      <artifactId>aalto-xml</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
      <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
      <version>2.8.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
      <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.googlecode.protobuf-java-format</groupId>
      <artifactId>protobuf-java-format</artifactId>
      <version>1.4</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.rometools</groupId>
      <artifactId>rome</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
      <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
      <version>3.9.1</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.3</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
      <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.projectreactor.ipc</groupId>
      <artifactId>reactor-netty</artifactId>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.reactivex.rxjava2</groupId>
      <artifactId>rxjava</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.6</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.reactivex</groupId>
      <artifactId>rxjava</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.4</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.reactivex</groupId>
      <artifactId>rxjava-reactive-streams</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.1</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.undertow</groupId>
      <artifactId>undertow-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.4.21.Final</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1-b04</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.faces</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.faces-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.json.bind</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.json.bind-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.mail-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.2-b02</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
      <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.0.Final</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
      <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.xml.ws</groupId>
      <artifactId>jaxws-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.3</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
      <version>4.5.3</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
      <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
      <version>8.5.23</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
      <artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
      <version>2.4.13</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
      <artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId>
      <version>9.4.7.v20170914</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
      <artifactId>jetty-servlet</artifactId>
      <version>9.4.7.v20170914</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
      <artifactId>kotlin-reflect</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.61</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
      <artifactId>kotlin-stdlib</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.61</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.synchronoss.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>nio-multipart-parser</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
        <artifactId>reactor-bom</artifactId>
        <version>Bismuth-SR4</version>
        <scope>import</scope>
        <type>pom</type>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
        <artifactId>netty-bom</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.17.Final</version>
        <scope>import</scope>
        <type>pom</type>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

主要依赖及其作用

com.caucho.hessian

Hessian 是一个用于连接网络服务的二进制协议，他的com.caucho.hessian.client 和 com.caucho.hessian.server包不依赖于任何其他Resin的类(Resin是caucho公司的一个很快的Web服务器，Hessian是他的一部分)，因此他能够应用于更小的客户端，比如Java Applet。其实也是因为不依赖所以也可以在任何容器比如Tomcat，Jetty中很方便的使用。

因为他是一个短小的协议，它能够应用于手机端，来连接Resin这样的web服务器。因为它比较精悍，因此他能够使用在EJB中。

就算Hessian规范内容的本身，也是短小而令人关注的。这个是说很多通讯框架其实都可以使用这个规范来序列化及反序列化类。

jackson-databind

Jackson-Databind 是一个流行的 Java 库，它是 Jackson JSON 处理器的核心组件之一，专注于数据绑定。

该项目支持注解驱动的配置，使得在对象和 JSON 间序列化和反序列化更加方便。它建立在 jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations 之上，提供了丰富的功能和高性能。（可以作为FastJson的替代，Spring Boot默认绑定的JSON类库也是Jackson）