Apache HttpClient - 技术栈

HttpClient是apache组织下面的一个用于处理HTTP请求和响应的来源工具，是一个在JDK基础类库是做了更好的封装的类库。
HttpClient 使用了连接池技术来管理 TCP 连接，这有助于提高性能并减少资源消耗。连接池允许 HttpClient 复用已经建立的连接，而不是每次请求都建立新的连接。此外，HttpClient 还支持多种认证机制、重定向处理、HTTP 头处理、请求重试等高级功能。

一.基础使用

1.引入依赖

复制代码

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.13</version> <!-- 请使用最新版本 -->
</dependency>

2. 发送 HTTP GET 请求

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public class HttpClientExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
            HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://www.baidu.com/");
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);  //发送请求，获取响应
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                String responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
                System.out.println(responseBody);
            }
        }
    }
}

可以看到请求的结果为百度源代码，

二.爬取腾讯天气的数据

1.查询json格式数据

2.获取json数据

复制代码

public class XXDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://wis.qq.com/weather/common?source=pc&weather_type=observe%7Cforecast_1h%7Cforecast_24h%7Cindex%7Calarm%7Climit%7Ctips%7Crise&province=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81&city=%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%9A%E5%B8%82&county=&callback=jQuery111307985983701500603_1730452291491&_=1730452291493");
            // 设置请求头
            httpGet.setHeader("Accept", "*/*");
            httpGet.setHeader("Accept-Encoding",  "gzip, deflate, br, zstd");
            httpGet.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
            httpGet.setHeader("Cache-Control", "max-age=0");
            httpGet.setHeader("Connection", "keep-alive");
            
            httpGet.setHeader("Cookie", "pgv_pvid=7587513344; RK=viMJj838H2; ptcz=410fc81f9ad1719db0b83d1ae0b767a81c43f89b4d79b4f22f0f04bf476c4e44; qq_domain_video_guid_verify=50ba34f244950f77; _qimei_uuid42=17c02140117100fd9f4a0a8f7ddb1d4eb0eef0fe2b; _qimei_q36=; _qimei_h38=2db835139f4a0a8f7ddb1d4e02000003017c02; tvfe_boss_uuid=9dd0f4ca6252467b; _qimei_fingerprint=a8fdf4f9656a2285f66b7f0bb5dbefc2; fqm_pvqid=bfdb0333-6586-490e-9451-7e4628f24f32; pgv_info=ssid=s390182559; pac_uid=0_sBk6e1R1P4Zpc");
            httpGet.setHeader("Host", "wis.qq.com");
            httpGet.setHeader("Upgrade-Insecure-Requests", "1");
            httpGet.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36");
            // 执行请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            // 获取响应实体
            String responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
            
            //获取中间json数据
            String subStringA = responseBody.substring(0,42);
            String str = responseBody.replace(subStringA,"");
            String newStr = str.substring(0, str.length()-1);
            System.out.println(newStr);
            //JSON解析
            JSONObject json =  JSON.parseObject(newStr);
            // 关闭响应对象
            response.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

3.java解析JSON数据

get() ：参数就是 json 中的 key，是 String 类型；返回值就是 key 对应的 value，返回值是 Object.
getJSONObject()：参数是 json 中的 key，是 String类型；返回值 key 对应的 value，类型是 JSONObject.
getJSONArray()：参数是 json 中的 key ，是 String 类型；返回值是 key 对应 json 数组，类型是 JSONArray.

package com.example.wormdemo.task;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

public class XXDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://wis.qq.com/weather/common?source=pc&weather_type=observe|forecast_1h|forecast_24h|index|alarm|limit|tips|rise&province=河北省&city=保定市&county=&callback=jQuery111307985983701500603_1730452291491&_=1730452291493");
// 设置请求头
httpGet.setHeader("Accept", "/");
httpGet.setHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br, zstd");
httpGet.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
httpGet.setHeader("Cache-Control", "max-age=0");
httpGet.setHeader("Connection", "keep-alive");
httpGet.setHeader("Cookie", "pgv_pvid=7587513344; RK=viMJj838H2; ptcz=410fc81f9ad1719db0b83d1ae0b767a81c43f89b4d79b4f22f0f04bf476c4e44; qq_domain_video_guid_verify=50ba34f244950f77; _qimei_uuid42=17c02140117100fd9f4a0a8f7ddb1d4eb0eef0fe2b; _qimei_q36=; _qimei_h38=2db835139f4a0a8f7ddb1d4e02000003017c02; tvfe_boss_uuid=9dd0f4ca6252467b; _qimei_fingerprint=a8fdf4f9656a2285f66b7f0bb5dbefc2; fqm_pvqid=bfdb0333-6586-490e-9451-7e4628f24f32; pgv_info=ssid=s390182559; pac_uid=0_sBk6e1R1P4Zpc");
httpGet.setHeader("Host", "wis.qq.com");
httpGet.setHeader("Upgrade-Insecure-Requests", "1");
httpGet.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36");
// 执行请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 获取响应实体
String responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
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```
          //获取中间json数据
          String subStringA = responseBody.substring(0,42);
          String str = responseBody.replace(subStringA,"");
          String newStr = str.substring(0, str.length()-1);


          //JSON解析----》JSONObject:处理json对象，根据可以值获取value值
          JSONObject json =  JSON.parseObject(newStr); //将字符串转换成json数组
          JSONObject data =  json.getJSONObject("data");
          JSONObject forecast_24h =  data.getJSONObject("forecast_24h");
          JSONObject data0 =  forecast_24h.getJSONObject("0");
          System.out.println(data0.get("night_wind_direction"));

          // 关闭响应对象
          response.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {
          try {
              httpClient.close();
          } catch (IOException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }
```
}

public class HttpClient {
c
}

爬取拉钩招聘网站信息

java 复制代码

public class ParseUtils {
    public static final String url ="https://www.lagou.com/wn/zhaopin?kd=Java&city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC";

    private static List<Job> jobs = new ArrayList<>();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Document scriptHtml = Jsoup.connect(url)
                .header("cookie", "index_location_city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC; RECOMMEND_TIP=1; JSESSIONID=ABAABJAABCCABAF1AAA64980432C424AFAE7AEBC665098E; WEBTJ-ID=20241106142523-193002633ea581-04d9a4b30474bf-26011951-1327104-193002633eb20cf; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; sensorsdata2015session=%7B%7D; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1730874329; HMACCOUNT=2E8A695D191AA561; user_trace_token=20241106142528-e1b996ac-c7a5-48fe-83c2-f2a57ef4d69b; LGSID=20241106142528-f18333e5-63ae-4ba3-a8df-186c92232ad2; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2F; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fpassport.lagou.com%2Flogin%2Flogin.html%3Fmsg%3Dneedlogin%26clientIp%3D223.160.138.96; LGUID=20241106142528-955e12cd-aac7-4415-b2e7-4d010ce59112; _ga=GA1.2.836312925.1730874329; _gid=GA1.2.1115293912.1730874330; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1730874350; _ga_DDLTLJDLHH=GS1.2.1730874330.1.1.1730874350.40.0.0; LGRID=20241106142549-de54e626-1235-4335-8083-72a680d43695; gate_login_token=v1####eb8a9ddad9fc4c1b95598ede531fc781fa7a3ba333dd7f86bbaa1ddaba312463; _putrc=227A04EF632FCAB4123F89F2B170EADC; login=true; unick=%E7%8E%8B%E5%B8%9D; showExpriedIndex=1; showExpriedCompanyHome=1; showExpriedMyPublish=1; hasDeliver=378; privacyPolicyPopup=false; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%22193002634d8706-0bd3a99577aa22-26011951-1327104-193002634d910b8%22%2C%22first_id%22%3A%22%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC_%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22%22%2C%22%24os%22%3A%22Windows%22%2C%22%24browser%22%3A%22Chrome%22%2C%22%24browser_version%22%3A%22130.0.0.0%22%7D%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%22193002634d8706-0bd3a99577aa22-26011951-1327104-193002634d910b8%22%7D")
                .header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
                .timeout(50000)
                .get();
        Elements list = scriptHtml.getElementsByClass("item__10RTO");
        for (Element element: list) {
            String jobName = element.getElementById("openWinPostion").text();
            String experience = element.getElementsByClass("p-bom__JlNur").text();
            String salary =  element.getElementsByClass("money__3Lkgq").text();
            String company = element.getElementsByClass("company-name__2-SjF").text();

            //将数据添加进集合
            Job job = new Job();
            job.setCompany(company);
            job.setExperience(experience);
            job.setSalary(salary);
            job.setJobName(jobName);

            DataClean(job);

            for (Job jb: jobs) {
                System.out.println(jb.toString());
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * 数据清洗
     */
    public static void  DataClean(Job job){
        //现在薪资的最低值
        String salary = job.getSalary().substring(0,job.getSalary().indexOf("-"));
        job.setSalary(salary);

        //学历的要求
        String educational = job.getExperience().substring(job.getExperience().indexOf("/ ")).replaceAll("/ ","");
        job.setEducational(educational);
//
        //经验的要求
        String experience = job.getExperience().substring(job.getExperience().indexOf("经验"),job.getExperience().indexOf(" "));
        job.setExperience(experience);

        jobs.add(job);
    }