SpringBoot开发（五）SpringBoot接收请求参数

1. SpringBoot接收请求参数

1.1. 获取参数的方式

（1）通过request对象获取参数

（2）@RequestParam(针对请求头方式为x-www-form-ur lencoded)

（3）@RequestBody(针对请求头方式为application/json)

（4）@PathVariable(接收url路径参数)

1.2. 学员案例

1.2.1. 方式一

（1）在model文件夹下创建Student实体类

javascript 复制代码

package com.zzs.szyj.model;
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Integer sex;
    private Integer age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(Integer sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

（2）在controller文件夹下创建StudentController类

javascript 复制代码

package com.zzs.szyj.controller;
import com.zzs.szyj.model.Student;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RequestMapping("/student")
@RestController
public class StudentController {
    @PostMapping("save")
    public Student save(Student student) {
        return student;
    }
}

（3）运行，使用postman验证

1.2.2. 方式二@RequestBody

1.2.2.1. post请求

（1）StudentController实体类添加方法

javascript 复制代码

package com.zzs.szyj.controller;
import com.zzs.szyj.model.Student;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RequestMapping("/student")
@RestController
public class StudentController {
    /**
     * 获取参数方式一request
     *
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("save")
    public Student save(Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * 获取参数方式二@RequestParam
     *
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/save/json")
    public Student saveByJson(@RequestBody Student student) {
        return student;
    }
}

（2）运行，使用postman验证

1.2.2.2. get请求

（1）StudentController实体类添加方法

javascript 复制代码

    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式二@RequestParam-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping("/get")
    public Student getByNameAndAge(Student student) {
        return student;
    }

（2）运行，使用postman验证

1.2.3. 方式三@PathVariable

（1）StudentController实体类添加方法

javascript 复制代码

package com.zzs.szyj.controller;
import com.zzs.szyj.model.Student;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RequestMapping("/student")
@RestController
public class StudentController {
    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式一request
     */
    @PostMapping("save")
    public Student save(Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式二@RequestParam-post请求
     */
    @PostMapping("/save/json")
    public Student saveByJson(@RequestBody Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式二@RequestParam-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping("/get")
    public Student getByNameAndAge(Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param age
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式三@PathVariable-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping("/get/{age}")
    //@GetMapping("/get/{age1}")
    public Student getByUrlParam(@PathVariable Integer age) {
    //public Student getByUrlParam(@PathVariable("age1") Integer age) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(age);
        return student;
    }
}

（2）运行，使用postman验证

1.2.4. 方式四@RequestParam

（1）StudentController实体类添加方法

javascript 复制代码

package com.zzs.szyj.controller;

import com.zzs.szyj.model.Student;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RequestMapping("/student")
@RestController
public class StudentController {
    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式一request
     */
    @PostMapping("save")
    public Student save(Student student) {
        return student;
    }

    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式二@RequestParam-post请求
     */
    @PostMapping("/save/json")
    public Student saveByJson(@RequestBody Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式二@RequestParam-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping("/get")
    public Student getByNameAndAge(Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param age
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式三@PathVariable-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping("/get/{age}")
    //@GetMapping("/get/{age1}")
    public Student getByUrlParam(@PathVariable Integer age) {
    //public Student getByUrlParam(@PathVariable("age1") Integer age) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(age);
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param age
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式四@RequestParam-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping(("/getParam"))
    public Student getByRequestParam(
            @RequestParam("name1") String name,
            @RequestParam("age1") Integer age) {
//        public Student getByRequestParam(
//               String name, Integer age) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(age);
        student.setName(name);
        return student;
    }
}

（2）运行，使用postman验证

1.2.5. 方式五request

（1）StudentController实体类添加方法

javascript 复制代码

package com.zzs.szyj.controller;

import com.zzs.szyj.model.Student;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.Date;

@RequestMapping("/student")
@RestController
public class StudentController {
    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式一
     */
    @PostMapping("save")
    public Student save(Student student) {
        return student;
    }

    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式二@RequestParam-post请求
     */
    @PostMapping("/save/json")
    public Student saveByJson(@RequestBody Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param student
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式二@RequestParam-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping("/get")
    public Student getByNameAndAge(Student student) {
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param age
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式三@PathVariable-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping("/get/{age}")
    //@GetMapping("/get/{age1}")
    public Student getByUrlParam(@PathVariable Integer age) {
    //public Student getByUrlParam(@PathVariable("age1") Integer age) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(age);
        return student;
    }
    /**
     * @param age
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式四@RequestParam-get请求
     */
    @GetMapping(("/getParam"))
    public Student getByRequestParam(
            @RequestParam("name1") String name,
            @RequestParam("age1") Integer age) {
//        public Student getByRequestParam(
//               String name, Integer age) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(age);
        student.setName(name);
        return student;
    }
    @Resource
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    /**
     * @return
     * @desc 获取参数方式五-request
     */
    @GetMapping("/getByRequest")
    public Student getByRequest() {
        String name = request.getParameter("name1");
        Integer age = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("age1"));
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(age);
        student.setName(name);
        return student;
    }
}

（2）运行，使用postman验证

2. SpringBoot接收请求参数报错

postman踩过的坑: "status": 415, "error": "Unsupported Media Type"

2.1. 问题概况

使用postman调接口的时候，status返回415，error提示Unsupported Media Type（不支持的媒体类型）。

2.2. 解决方案

Headers中添加类型

（1）点击Headers，添加KEY值：Content-Type，VALUE值：application/json，如果传递的不是json则改成对应值。

（2）检查body传参类型

点击Body，传json格式数据时，选择JSON，如果传递的不是json类型，则改成对应值。