haproxy实现MySQL服务器负载均衡

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG.2025-02-16 13:43

1.环境准备

准备好下面四台台服务器：

|-------------|-----------------|---------------|
| 主机名 | IP | 角色 |
| open-Euler1 | 192.168.121.150 | mysql-server1 |
| openEuler-2 | 192.168.121.151 | mysql-server2 |
| openEuler-3 | 192.168.121.152 | client |
| Rocky8-1 | 192.168.121.160 | haproxy |

2.mysql服务器配置

1.下载mariadb

bash 复制代码 
#下载mariadb
[root@open-Euler2 ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y

2.创建用户并授权

sql 复制代码 
MariaDB [(none)]> RENAME USER 'test'@'%' TO 'test'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

3.配置server_id便于测试

在/etc/my.cnf配置文件的[mysqld]下增加一行server_id,例如:

bash 复制代码 
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
server-id=150

然后重启服务:

bash 复制代码 
systemctl restart mariadb

注：两台服务器的server-id不能一样，另外一台我配成了server-id=150

3.haproxy安装和配置

1.下载合适版本的haproxy

下载链接

我这里是源码编译安装haproxy-3.0.8-tar.gz

当然也可以用命令在线安装

bash 复制代码 
curl -O https://www.haproxy.org/download/3.0/src/haproxy-3.0.8.tar.gz

解压:

bash 复制代码 
[root@Rocky8 ~]# tar -xf haproxy-3.0.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@Rocky8 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/haproxy-3.0.8/
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# ll
total 1736
drwxrwxr-x.  7 root root      79 Jan 29 09:38 addons
drwxrwxr-x. 12 root root    4096 Jan 29 09:38 admin
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root   14046 Jan 29 09:38 BRANCHES
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root     345 Jan 29 09:38 BSDmakefile
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root 1528884 Jan 29 09:38 CHANGELOG
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root   55775 Jan 29 09:38 CONTRIBUTING
drwxrwxr-x. 17 root root    4096 Jan 29 09:38 dev
drwxrwxr-x.  5 root root    4096 Jan 29 09:38 doc
drwxrwxr-x.  4 root root    4096 Jan 29 09:38 examples
drwxrwxr-x.  5 root root      47 Jan 29 09:38 include
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root   43394 Jan 29 09:38 INSTALL
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root    2029 Jan 29 09:38 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root    5628 Jan 29 09:38 MAINTAINERS
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root   54751 Jan 29 09:38 Makefile
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root    1093 Jan 29 09:38 README
drwxrwxr-x. 35 root root    4096 Jan 29 09:38 reg-tests
drwxrwxr-x.  2 root root    4096 Jan 29 09:38 scripts
drwxrwxr-x.  2 root root    8192 Jan 29 09:38 src
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root      10 Jan 29 09:38 SUBVERS
drwxrwxr-x.  5 root root      41 Jan 29 09:38 tests
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root      37 Jan 29 09:38 VERDATE
-rw-rw-r--.  1 root root       6 Jan 29 09:38 VERSION

安装基础命令及其编译依赖环境

bash 复制代码 
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# yum -y install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel systemd-devel make
[root@Rocky8 ~]# curl -L -R -O http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.4.7.tar.gz
[root@Rocky8 ~]# tar xvf  lua-5.4.7.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@Rocky8 ~]# cd /opt/lua-5.4.7
[root@Rocky8 ~] lua-5.4.7]# make linux test

编译安装

bash 复制代码 
[root@Rocky8 haproxy]# cd /usr/local/src/haproxy-3.0.8/
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# make  ARCH=x86_64 TARGET=linux-glibc  USE_PCRE=1 USE_OPENSSL=1 USE_ZLIB=1  USE_SYSTEMD=1  USE_LUA=1 LUAINC=/opt/lua-5.4.7/src LUA_LIB=/opt/lua-5.4.7/src  #编译
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# make install PREFIX=/apps/haproxy/  #安装
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# tree /apps  #查看生成的文件
/apps
└── haproxy
    ├── doc
    │   └── haproxy
    │       ├── 51Degrees-device-detection.txt
    │       ├── architecture.txt
    │       ├── configuration.txt
    │       ├── cookie-options.txt
    │       ├── DeviceAtlas-device-detection.txt
    │       ├── intro.txt
    │       ├── linux-syn-cookies.txt
    │       ├── lua.txt
    │       ├── management.txt
    │       ├── netscaler-client-ip-insertion-protocol.txt
    │       ├── network-namespaces.txt
    │       ├── peers.txt
    │       ├── peers-v2.0.txt
    │       ├── proxy-protocol.txt
    │       ├── regression-testing.txt
    │       ├── seamless_reload.txt
    │       ├── SOCKS4.protocol.txt
    │       ├── SPOE.txt
    │       └── WURFL-device-detection.txt
    ├── sbin
    │   └── haproxy
    └── share
        └── man
            └── man1
                └── haproxy.1

7 directories, 21 files

2.验证haproxy版本

bash 复制代码 
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# haproxy -v
HAProxy version 3.0.8-6036c31 2025/01/29 - https://haproxy.org/
Status: long-term supported branch - will stop receiving fixes around Q2 2029.
Known bugs: http://www.haproxy.org/bugs/bugs-3.0.8.html
Running on: Linux 4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri May 24 13:05:10 UTC 2024 x86_64

3.HAProxy启动脚本

bash 复制代码 
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service
[Unit]
Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -f /etc/haproxy/conf.d -c -q
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -f /etc/haproxy/conf.d -p /var/lib/haproxy/haproxy.pid
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

默认缺少配置文件，无法启动

创建自定义的配置文件:

[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# mkdir  /etc/haproxy
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
    maxconn 100000
    chroot /apps/haproxy
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/haproxy.sock mode 600 level admin
    #uid 99
    #gid 99
    user  haproxy
    group haproxy
    daemon
    #nbproc 4
    #cpu-map 1 0
    #cpu-map 2 1
    #cpu-map 3 2
    #cpu-map 4 3
    pidfile /var/lib/haproxy/haproxy.pid
    log 127.0.0.1 local2 info

defaults
    option http-keep-alive
    option  forwardfor
    maxconn 100000
    mode http
    timeout connect 300000ms
    timeout client  300000ms
    timeout server  300000ms

listen stats
    mode http
    bind 0.0.0.0:9999
    stats enable
    log global
    stats uri     /haproxy-status
    stats auth    haadmin:123456

4.启动haproxy

bash 复制代码 
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# mkdir  /var/lib/haproxy
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/lib/haproxy haproxy
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# systemctl  enable --now haproxy

5.验证haproxy状态

bash 复制代码 
[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# systemctl status haproxy.service 
● haproxy.service - HAProxy Load Balancer
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-02-15 17:29:43 CST; 1h 2min ago
  Process: 12629 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -f /etc/haproxy/conf.d -c -q (code=exited, status=0/SU>
 Main PID: 12632 (haproxy)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 23007)
   Memory: 20.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/haproxy.service
           ├─12632 /usr/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -f /etc/haproxy/conf.d -p /var/lib/haproxy/haproxy.pid
           └─12634 /usr/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -f /etc/haproxy/conf.d -p /var/lib/haproxy/haproxy.pid

Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 systemd[1]: Starting HAProxy Load Balancer...
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 systemd[1]: Started HAProxy Load Balancer.
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [NOTICE]   (12632) : haproxy version is 3.0.8-6036c31
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [NOTICE]   (12632) : path to executable is /usr/sbin/haproxy
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [ALERT]    (12632) : config : parsing [/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg:15] : 'pidfile' already spe>
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [WARNING]  (12632) : config : 'option forwardfor' ignored for proxy 'web_test' as it requir>
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [WARNING]  (12632) : config : 'option forwardfor' ignored for frontend 'mysql' as it requir>
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [WARNING]  (12632) : config : 'option forwardfor' ignored for backend 'mysqlsrvs' as it req>
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [NOTICE]   (12632) : New worker (12634) forked
Feb 15 17:29:43 Rocky8 haproxy[12632]: [NOTICE]   (12632) : Loading success.

[root@Rocky8 haproxy-3.0.8]# pstree -p |grep haproxy
           |-haproxy(12632)---haproxy(12634)---{haproxy}(12635)

6.查看haproxy的状态页面

浏览器访问：http://192.168.121.160:9999/haproxy-status 这里的ip改成你的haproxy服务器ip

注：登录该界面需要用户名和密码，我这里用户名和密码在配置文件/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg设置成了

账号：hadmin

密码:123456

7.配置haproxy实现MySQL服务器负载均衡

在/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg追加以下内容:

bash 复制代码 
frontend mysql
        bind :3306
        mode tcp
        default_backend mysqlsrvs
backend mysqlsrvs
        mode tcp
        balance leastconn
        server mysql1 192.168.121.150:3306
        server mysql2 192.168.121.151:3306

8.测试

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