软件安装和配置
使用包管理工具
- yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified。
yum search：搜索软件包，例如yum search nginx。yum list installed：列出已经安装的软件包，例如yum list installed | grep zlib。yum install：安装软件包，例如yum install nginx。yum remove：删除软件包，例如yum remove nginx。yum update：更新软件包，例如yum update可以更新所有软件包，而yum update tar只会更新tar。yum check-update：检查有哪些可以更新的软件包。yum info：显示软件包的相关信息，例如yum info nginx。
- rpm - Redhat Package Manager。
- 安装软件包：
rpm -ivh <packagename>.rpm。 - 移除软件包：
rpm -e <packagename>。 - 查询软件包：
rpm -qa，例如可以用rpm -qa | grep mysql来检查是否安装了MySQL相关的软件包。
- 安装软件包：
下面以Nginx为例，演示如何使用yum安装软件。
Shell
[root ~]# yum -y install nginx
...
Installed:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
Dependency Installed:
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
Complete!
[root ~]# yum info nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
Name : nginx
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 1
Version : 1.12.2
Release : 2.el7
Size : 1.5 M
Repo : installed
From repo : epel
Summary : A high performance web server and reverse proxy server
URL : http://nginx.org/
License : BSD
Description : Nginx is a web server and a reverse proxy server for HTTP, SMTP, POP3 and
: IMAP protocols, with a strong focus on high concurrency, performance and low
: memory usage.
[root ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2移除Nginx。
Shell
[root ~]# yum -y remove nginx下面以MySQL为例，演示如何使用rpm安装软件。要安装MySQL需要先到MySQL官方网站下载对应的RPM文件，当然要选择和你使用的Linux系统对应的版本。MySQL现在是Oracle公司旗下的产品，在MySQL被收购后，MySQL的作者重新制作了一个MySQL的分支MariaDB，可以通过yum进行安装。
Shell
[root mysql]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root mysql]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs
[root mysql]# yum -y install libaio
[root mysql]#rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
...
[root mysql]#rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
...
[root mysql]#rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
...
[root mysql]#rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
...说明：由于MySQL和MariaDB的底层依赖库是有冲突的，所以上面我们首先用
yum移除了名为mariadb-libs的依赖库并安装了名为libaio支持异步I/O操作的依赖库。关于MySQL和MariaDB之间的关系，可以阅读维基百科上关于MariaDB的介绍。
移除安装的MySQL。
Shell
[root ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql | xargs rpm -e下载解压配置环境变量
下面以安装MongoDB为例，演示这类软件应该如何安装。
Shell
[root ~]# wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
--2018-06-21 18:32:53-- https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
Resolving fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)... 52.85.83.16, 52.85.83.228, 52.85.83.186, ...
Connecting to fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)|52.85.83.16|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 100564462 (96M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: 'mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz'
100%[==================================================>] 100,564,462 630KB/s in 2m 9s
2018-06-21 18:35:04 (760 KB/s) - 'mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz' saved [100564462/100564462]
[root ~]# gunzip mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
[root ~]# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tar
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/README
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/MPL-2
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/GNU-AGPL-3.0
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongodump
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongorestore
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoexport
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoimport
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongostat
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongotop
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/bsondump
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongofiles
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoreplay
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoperf
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongod
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongos
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongo
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/install_compass
[root ~]# vim .bash_profile
...
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$HOME/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin
export PATH
...
[root ~]# source .bash_profile
[root ~]# mongod --version
db version v3.6.5
git version: a20ecd3e3a174162052ff99913bc2ca9a839d618
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
allocator: tcmalloc
modules: none
build environment:
distmod: rhel70
distarch: x86_64
target_arch: x86_64
[root ~]# mongo --version
MongoDB shell version v3.6.5
git version: a20ecd3e3a174162052ff99913bc2ca9a839d618
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
allocator: tcmalloc
modules: none
build environment:
distmod: rhel70
distarch: x86_64
target_arch: x86_64说明：当然也可以通过yum来安装MongoDB，具体可以参照官方网站上给出的说明。
源代码构建安装
-
安装Python 3.6。
Shell[root ~]# yum install gcc [root ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz [root ~]# gunzip Python-3.6.5.tgz [root ~]# tar -xvf Python-3.6.5.tar [root ~]# cd Python-3.6.5 [root ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python36 --enable-optimizations [root ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel [root ~]# make && make install ... [root ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python36/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3 [root ~]# python3 --version Python 3.6.5 [root ~]# python3 -m pip install -U pip [root ~]# pip3 --version说明：上面在安装好Python之后还需要注册PATH环境变量，将Python安装路径下bin文件夹的绝对路径注册到PATH环境变量中。注册环境变量可以修改用户主目录下的.bash_profile或者/etc目录下的profile文件，二者的区别在于前者相当于是用户环境变量，而后者相当于是系统环境变量。
-
安装Redis-3.2.12。
Shell[root ~]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.12.tar.gz [root ~]# gunzip redis-3.2.12.tar.gz [root ~]# tar -xvf redis-3.2.12.tar [root ~]# cd redis-3.2.12 [root ~]# make && make install [root ~]# redis-server --version Redis server v=3.2.12 sha=00000000:0 malloc=jemalloc-4.0.3 bits=64 build=5bc5cd3c03d6ceb6 [root ~]# redis-cli --version redis-cli 3.2.12