安装IK分词器；IK分词器配置扩展词库：配置扩展字典-扩展词，配置扩展停止词字典-停用词

郝开2025-03-07 18:08

安装IK分词器；IK分词器配置扩展词库：配置扩展字典-扩展词，配置扩展停止词字典-停用词

本文 ElasticSearch 版本为：7.17.9 ，为了对应 spring-boot-starter-parent 的 2.7.9 版本

安装IK分词器

官网资源 ：IK Analyzer GitHub 页面

IK分词器 下载地址：https://release.infinilabs.com/analysis-ik/stable/，下载与 ES 对应的 IK分词器 版本

然后解压下载的 zip 文件，不要直接解压到本文件夹下，里面直接就是所有文件，选择解压到 XXX 文件夹即可。

解压好的文件放在 ElasticSearch 目录下的 plugins 文件夹下重启 ES 即可使用（Windows和Linux同理）

IK分词配置扩展词库

IK分词器 不是 ElasticSearch 自带的分词器，需要用户自己全装。一般是安装在 ElasticSearch 的 plugins 文件夹中的，要扩展 IK分词器 的词库，只需要修改 IK分词器 目录中的 config 目录中的 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml 文件：

默认配置文件如下：

xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
	<comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment>
	<!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展字典 -->
	<entry key="ext_dict"></entry>
	 <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展停止词字典-->
	<entry key="ext_stopwords"></entry>
	<!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展字典 -->
	<!-- <entry key="remote_ext_dict">words_location</entry> -->
	<!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展停止词字典-->
	<!-- <entry key="remote_ext_stopwords">words_location</entry> -->
</properties>

需要我们指定自己的字典文件名去进行扩展，如：

xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
	<comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment>
	<!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展字典 -->
	<entry key="ext_dict">dict.dic</entry>
	 <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展停止词字典-->
	<entry key="ext_stopwords">stopwords.dic</entry>
	<!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展字典 -->
	<!-- <entry key="remote_ext_dict">words_location</entry> -->
	<!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展停止词字典-->
	<!-- <entry key="remote_ext_stopwords">words_location</entry> -->
</properties>

修改配置之后，这两个配置的文件也要去对应的新建，与 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml 文件平级即可

配置好之后，重启 ElasticSearch 即可生效。

配置扩展字典-扩展词

新增 dict.dic 文件，配置如下：

bash 复制代码 
搬砖
画大饼
已读不回
舔狗
摆烂

配置停止词字典-停用词

在已有的 stopword.dic 文件配置停用词，配置之后，这些词不会被解析出来：

测试

配置字典前

使用 ElasticSearch 的可视化界面 Kibana 的调试工具 Dev Tools 调用解析接口测试：

bash 复制代码 
# `IK Analyzer` 扩展字典。
POST /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "ik_smart",
  "text": "小明是一个Java程序员，白天摸鱼学习ElasticSearch，晚上加班到九点，搬砖完之后，去找他的女神画大饼，女神却已读不回，小明认清自己是个舔狗，直接摆烂，吸食海洛因"
}

解析结果：

bash 复制代码 
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "小明",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 2,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "是",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 3,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "一个",
      "start_offset" : 3,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "java",
      "start_offset" : 5,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "ENGLISH",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "程序员",
      "start_offset" : 9,
      "end_offset" : 12,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "白天",
      "start_offset" : 13,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "摸鱼",
      "start_offset" : 15,
      "end_offset" : 17,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "学习",
      "start_offset" : 17,
      "end_offset" : 19,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "elasticsearch",
      "start_offset" : 19,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "ENGLISH",
      "position" : 8
    },
    {
      "token" : "晚上",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 35,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 9
    },
    {
      "token" : "加班",
      "start_offset" : 35,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 10
    },
    {
      "token" : "到",
      "start_offset" : 37,
      "end_offset" : 38,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 11
    },
    {
      "token" : "九点",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 40,
      "type" : "TYPE_CQUAN",
      "position" : 12
    },
    {
      "token" : "搬",
      "start_offset" : 41,
      "end_offset" : 42,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 13
    },
    {
      "token" : "砖",
      "start_offset" : 42,
      "end_offset" : 43,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 14
    },
    {
      "token" : "完",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 44,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 15
    },
    {
      "token" : "之后",
      "start_offset" : 44,
      "end_offset" : 46,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 16
    },
    {
      "token" : "去",
      "start_offset" : 47,
      "end_offset" : 48,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 17
    },
    {
      "token" : "找他",
      "start_offset" : 48,
      "end_offset" : 50,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 18
    },
    {
      "token" : "的",
      "start_offset" : 50,
      "end_offset" : 51,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 19
    },
    {
      "token" : "女神",
      "start_offset" : 51,
      "end_offset" : 53,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 20
    },
    {
      "token" : "画",
      "start_offset" : 53,
      "end_offset" : 54,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 21
    },
    {
      "token" : "大饼",
      "start_offset" : 54,
      "end_offset" : 56,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 22
    },
    {
      "token" : "女神",
      "start_offset" : 57,
      "end_offset" : 59,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 23
    },
    {
      "token" : "却已",
      "start_offset" : 59,
      "end_offset" : 61,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 24
    },
    {
      "token" : "读",
      "start_offset" : 61,
      "end_offset" : 62,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 25
    },
    {
      "token" : "不回",
      "start_offset" : 62,
      "end_offset" : 64,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 26
    },
    {
      "token" : "小明",
      "start_offset" : 65,
      "end_offset" : 67,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 27
    },
    {
      "token" : "认清",
      "start_offset" : 67,
      "end_offset" : 69,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 28
    },
    {
      "token" : "自己",
      "start_offset" : 69,
      "end_offset" : 71,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 29
    },
    {
      "token" : "是",
      "start_offset" : 71,
      "end_offset" : 72,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 30
    },
    {
      "token" : "个",
      "start_offset" : 72,
      "end_offset" : 73,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 31
    },
    {
      "token" : "舔",
      "start_offset" : 73,
      "end_offset" : 74,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 32
    },
    {
      "token" : "狗",
      "start_offset" : 74,
      "end_offset" : 75,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 33
    },
    {
      "token" : "直接",
      "start_offset" : 76,
      "end_offset" : 78,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 34
    },
    {
      "token" : "摆",
      "start_offset" : 78,
      "end_offset" : 79,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 35
    },
    {
      "token" : "烂",
      "start_offset" : 79,
      "end_offset" : 80,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 36
    },
    {
      "token" : "吸食",
      "start_offset" : 81,
      "end_offset" : 83,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 37
    },
    {
      "token" : "海洛因",
      "start_offset" : 83,
      "end_offset" : 86,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 38
    }
  ]
}

配置字典后

使用 ElasticSearch 的可视化界面 Kibana 的调试工具 Dev Tools 调用解析接口测试：

bash 复制代码 
# `IK Analyzer` 扩展字典。
POST /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "ik_smart",
  "text": "小明是一个Java程序员，白天摸鱼学习ElasticSearch，晚上加班到九点，搬砖完之后，去找他的女神画大饼，女神却已读不回，小明认清自己是个舔狗，直接摆烂，吸食海洛因"
}

解析结果：

bash 复制代码 
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "小明",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 2,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "是",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 3,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "一个",
      "start_offset" : 3,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "java",
      "start_offset" : 5,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "ENGLISH",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "程序员",
      "start_offset" : 9,
      "end_offset" : 12,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "白天",
      "start_offset" : 13,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "摸鱼",
      "start_offset" : 15,
      "end_offset" : 17,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "学习",
      "start_offset" : 17,
      "end_offset" : 19,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "elasticsearch",
      "start_offset" : 19,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "ENGLISH",
      "position" : 8
    },
    {
      "token" : "晚上",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 35,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 9
    },
    {
      "token" : "加班",
      "start_offset" : 35,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 10
    },
    {
      "token" : "到",
      "start_offset" : 37,
      "end_offset" : 38,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 11
    },
    {
      "token" : "九点",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 40,
      "type" : "TYPE_CQUAN",
      "position" : 12
    },
    {
      "token" : "搬砖",
      "start_offset" : 41,
      "end_offset" : 43,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 13
    },
    {
      "token" : "完",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 44,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 14
    },
    {
      "token" : "之后",
      "start_offset" : 44,
      "end_offset" : 46,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 15
    },
    {
      "token" : "去",
      "start_offset" : 47,
      "end_offset" : 48,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 16
    },
    {
      "token" : "找他",
      "start_offset" : 48,
      "end_offset" : 50,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 17
    },
    {
      "token" : "女神",
      "start_offset" : 51,
      "end_offset" : 53,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 18
    },
    {
      "token" : "画大饼",
      "start_offset" : 53,
      "end_offset" : 56,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 19
    },
    {
      "token" : "女神",
      "start_offset" : 57,
      "end_offset" : 59,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 20
    },
    {
      "token" : "却",
      "start_offset" : 59,
      "end_offset" : 60,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 21
    },
    {
      "token" : "已读不回",
      "start_offset" : 60,
      "end_offset" : 64,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 22
    },
    {
      "token" : "小明",
      "start_offset" : 65,
      "end_offset" : 67,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 23
    },
    {
      "token" : "认清",
      "start_offset" : 67,
      "end_offset" : 69,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 24
    },
    {
      "token" : "自己",
      "start_offset" : 69,
      "end_offset" : 71,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 25
    },
    {
      "token" : "是",
      "start_offset" : 71,
      "end_offset" : 72,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 26
    },
    {
      "token" : "个",
      "start_offset" : 72,
      "end_offset" : 73,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 27
    },
    {
      "token" : "舔狗",
      "start_offset" : 73,
      "end_offset" : 75,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 28
    },
    {
      "token" : "直接",
      "start_offset" : 76,
      "end_offset" : 78,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 29
    },
    {
      "token" : "摆烂",
      "start_offset" : 78,
      "end_offset" : 80,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 30
    },
    {
      "token" : "吸食",
      "start_offset" : 81,
      "end_offset" : 83,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 31
    }
  ]
}

可以看到网络热词 "搬砖"、"画大饼"、"已读不回"、"舔狗"、"摆烂" 均可以正确识别，敏感词 "海洛因" 没有解析。

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