ES的预置分词器

Elasticsearch(简称 ES)提供了多种预置的分词器(Analyzer),用于对文本进行分词处理。分词器通常由字符过滤器(Character Filters)、分词器(Tokenizer)和词元过滤器(Token Filters)组成。以下是一些常用的预置分词器及其示例:


1. Standard Analyzer(标准分词器)

  • 默认分词器,适用于大多数语言。

  • 处理步骤:

    1. 使用标准分词器(Standard Tokenizer)按空格和标点符号分词。
    2. 应用小写过滤器(Lowercase Token Filter)将词元转换为小写。
  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "standard",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["the", "2", "quick", "brown", "foxes", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog's", "bone"]

2. Simple Analyzer(简单分词器)

  • 按非字母字符(如数字、标点符号)分词,并将词元转换为小写。

  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "simple",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["the", "quick", "brown", "foxes", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog", "s", "bone"]

3. Whitespace Analyzer(空格分词器)

  • 仅按空格分词,不转换大小写,不处理标点符号。

  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "whitespace",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["The", "2", "QUICK", "Brown-Foxes", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog's", "bone."]

4. Keyword Analyzer(关键词分词器)

  • 将整个文本作为一个单独的词元,不做任何分词处理。

  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "keyword",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."]

5. Stop Analyzer(停用词分词器)

  • 类似于简单分词器,但会过滤掉常见的停用词(如 "the", "and", "a" 等)。

  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "stop",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["quick", "brown", "foxes", "jumped", "over", "lazy", "dog", "s", "bone"]

6. Pattern Analyzer(正则分词器)

  • 使用正则表达式定义分词规则。

  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "pattern",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    默认按非字母字符分词,并转换为小写:

    json 复制代码
    ["the", "2", "quick", "brown", "foxes", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog", "s", "bone"]

7. Language Analyzer(语言分词器)

  • 针对特定语言优化,支持多种语言(如英语、中文、法语等)。

  • 示例(英语)

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "english",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["2", "quick", "brown", "fox", "jump", "over", "lazi", "dog", "bone"]

8. ICU Analyzer(国际化分词器)

  • 基于 ICU(International Components for Unicode)库,支持多语言分词。

  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "icu_analyzer",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["the", "2", "quick", "brown", "foxes", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog's", "bone"]

9. Fingerprint Analyzer(指纹分词器)

  • 对文本进行分词、去重、排序,并生成唯一的"指纹"。

  • 示例

    json 复制代码
    POST _analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "fingerprint",
      "text": "The 2 QUICK Brown-Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
    }

    输出

    json 复制代码
    ["2", "bone", "brown", "dog", "foxes", "jumped", "lazy", "over", "quick", "the"]

总结

Elasticsearch 的预置分词器适用于不同的场景,开发者可以根据需求选择合适的分析器,或者自定义分词器以满足特定需求。

相关推荐
Titan202410 分钟前
Linux网络学习:套接字、UDP的封装与应用
linux·服务器·开发语言·网络·c++
.冰块.13 分钟前
两套完整 Linux 建站实战:Wordpress 博客(LAMP)+ECShop 电商(LNMP)全套手册
linux·运维·项目实战·lnmp·lamp·电商平台·博客平台
杨云龙UP26 分钟前
生产环境MySQL多实例XtraBackup全量备份与rsync异地自动传输实践
linux·运维·数据库·mysql·xtrabackup·主从复制·备份恢复
拂拉氏1 小时前
【知识讲解】 Linux中vim编辑器的学习与使用
linux·编辑器·vim
-今昭-1 小时前
Logstash 管理
java·服务器·前端
苏灿烤鱼2 小时前
一套进程代替八件套,桌面更稳还是单点更大
linux·github·shell
刘梦薇2 小时前
SSH连接失败connection reset解决办法
linux·运维·ubuntu·ssh·腾讯云
PC2005-cloud2 小时前
Elasticsearch 学习笔记:集群实战(3 控制节点 + 3 数据节点部署与故障转移)
笔记·学习·elasticsearch
Rsingstarzengjx2 小时前
stm32m157 U-boot 测试
linux·运维·服务器
月落汀兰3 小时前
Linux Nginx全套实战通关|静态站点/虚拟主机/HTTPS/PHP/反向代理/七层负载均衡,每行命令逐参数拆解
linux·nginx·https