【GPT入门】第12课 FunctionCall 生成数据库sql代码

1.概述
[2. 代码](#2. 代码)
3.执行结果

1.概述

如下代码的任务：自然语言问ai,自动生成sql并回答用户

实现思路：

步骤1. ai会把用户的问题，转为sql

步骤2. 程序执行sql

步骤3.把执行的sql结果，重新给回ai，

步骤4. ai给的回复再次放到prompt中，并给ai

2. 代码

c 复制代码

from openai import OpenAI
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
import json

_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())

client = OpenAI()
def print_json(data):
    """
    打印参数。如果参数是有结构的（如字典或列表），则以格式化的 JSON 形式打印；
    否则，直接打印该值。
    """
    if hasattr(data, 'model_dump_json'):
        data = json.loads(data.model_dump_json())

    if (isinstance(data, (list))):
        for item in data:
            print_json(item)
    elif (isinstance(data, (dict))):
        print(json.dumps(
            data,
            indent=4,
            ensure_ascii=False
        ))
    else:
        print(data)


#  描述数据库表结构
database_schema_string = """
CREATE TABLE orders (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, -- 主键，不允许为空
    customer_id INT NOT NULL, -- 客户ID，不允许为空
    product_id STR NOT NULL, -- 产品ID，不允许为空
    price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL, -- 价格，不允许为空
    status INT NOT NULL, -- 订单状态，整数类型，不允许为空。0代表待支付，1代表已支付，2代表已退款
    create_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -- 创建时间，默认为当前时间
    pay_time TIMESTAMP -- 支付时间，可以为空
);
"""

def get_sql_completion(messages, model="gpt-4o-mini"):
    response = client.chat.completions.create(
        model=model,
        messages=messages,
        temperature=0,
        tools=[{ 
            "type": "function",
            "function": {
                "name": "ask_database",
                "description": "Use this function to answer user questions about business. \
                            Output should be a fully formed SQL query.",
                "parameters": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "query": {
                            "type": "string",
                            "description": f"""
                            SQL query extracting info to answer the user's question.
                            SQL should be written using this database schema:
                            {database_schema_string}
                            The query should be returned in plain text, not in JSON.
                            The query should only contain grammars supported by SQLite.
                            """,
                        }
                    },
                    "required": ["query"],
                }
            }
        }],
    )
    print("get_sql_completion 返回：")
    print(response)
    return response.choices[0].message

import sqlite3

# 创建数据库连接
conn = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')
cursor = conn.cursor()

# 创建orders表
cursor.execute(database_schema_string)

# 插入5条明确的模拟记录
mock_data = [
    (1, 1001, 'TSHIRT_1', 50.00, 0, '2023-09-12 10:00:00', None),
    (2, 1001, 'TSHIRT_2', 75.50, 1, '2023-09-16 11:00:00', '2023-08-16 12:00:00'),
    (3, 1002, 'SHOES_X2', 25.25, 2, '2023-10-17 12:30:00', '2023-08-17 13:00:00'),
    (4, 1003, 'SHOES_X2', 25.25, 1, '2023-10-17 12:30:00', '2023-08-17 13:00:00'),
    (5, 1003, 'HAT_Z112', 60.75, 1, '2023-10-20 14:00:00', '2023-08-20 15:00:00'),
    (6, 1002, 'WATCH_X001', 90.00, 0, '2023-10-28 16:00:00', None)
]

for record in mock_data:
    cursor.execute('''
    INSERT INTO orders (id, customer_id, product_id, price, status, create_time, pay_time)
    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
    ''', record)

# 提交事务
conn.commit()



def ask_database(query):
    cursor.execute(query)
    records = cursor.fetchall()
    return records


# prompt = "10月的销售额"
# prompt = "统计每月每件商品的销售额"
prompt = "哪个用户消费最高？消费多少？"

messages = [
    {"role": "system", "content": "你是一个数据分析师，基于数据库的数据回答问题"},
    {"role": "user", "content": prompt}
]
response = get_sql_completion(messages)
if response.content is None:
    response.content = ""
messages.append(response)
print("====Function Calling====")
print_json(response)

if response.tool_calls is not None:
    tool_call = response.tool_calls[0]
    if tool_call.function.name == "ask_database":
        arguments = tool_call.function.arguments
        args = json.loads(arguments)
        print("====SQL====")
        print(args["query"])
        result = ask_database(args["query"])
        print("====DB Records====")
        print(result)

        messages.append({
            "tool_call_id": tool_call.id,
            "role": "tool",
            "name": "ask_database",
            "content": str(result)
        })
        response = get_sql_completion(messages)
        messages.append(response)
        print("====最终回复====")
        print(response.content)

print("=====对话历史=====")
print_json(messages)

3.执行结果

c 复制代码

C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\gptLearning\python.exe E:\workspace\gptLearning\gptLearning\les03\Lesson03_callDatabase.py 
get_sql_completion 返回：
ChatCompletion(id='chatcmpl-B930W6VUozMJnUahs6NitrNe7xfpu', choices=[Choice(finish_reason='tool_calls', index=0, logprobs=None, message=ChatCompletionMessage(content=None, refusal=None, role='assistant', audio=None, function_call=None, tool_calls=[ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(id='call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62', function=Function(arguments='{"query":"SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;"}', name='ask_database'), type='function')]))], created=1741496212, model='gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18', object='chat.completion', service_tier='default', system_fingerprint='fp_06737a9306', usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=46, prompt_tokens=255, total_tokens=301, completion_tokens_details=CompletionTokensDetails(accepted_prediction_tokens=0, audio_tokens=0, reasoning_tokens=0, rejected_prediction_tokens=0), prompt_tokens_details=PromptTokensDetails(audio_tokens=0, cached_tokens=0)))
====Function Calling====
{
    "content": "",
    "refusal": null,
    "role": "assistant",
    "audio": null,
    "function_call": null,
    "tool_calls": [
        {
            "id": "call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62",
            "function": {
                "arguments": "{\"query\":\"SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;\"}",
                "name": "ask_database"
            },
            "type": "function"
        }
    ]
}
====SQL====
SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;
====DB Records====
[(1003, 86.0)]
get_sql_completion 返回：
ChatCompletion(id='chatcmpl-B930YayyGGkd7TjoG9OQ7DdzT3nnE', choices=[Choice(finish_reason='stop', index=0, logprobs=None, message=ChatCompletionMessage(content='消费最高的用户是用户ID为1003，消费总额为86.00。', refusal=None, role='assistant', audio=None, function_call=None, tool_calls=None))], created=1741496214, model='gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18', object='chat.completion', service_tier=None, system_fingerprint='fp_b705f0c291', usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=20, prompt_tokens=317, total_tokens=337, completion_tokens_details=CompletionTokensDetails(accepted_prediction_tokens=0, audio_tokens=0, reasoning_tokens=0, rejected_prediction_tokens=0), prompt_tokens_details=PromptTokensDetails(audio_tokens=0, cached_tokens=0)))
====最终回复====
消费最高的用户是用户ID为1003，消费总额为86.00。
=====对话历史=====
{
    "role": "system",
    "content": "你是一个数据分析师，基于数据库的数据回答问题"
}
{
    "role": "user",
    "content": "哪个用户消费最高？消费多少？"
}
{
    "content": "",
    "refusal": null,
    "role": "assistant",
    "audio": null,
    "function_call": null,
    "tool_calls": [
        {
            "id": "call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62",
            "function": {
                "arguments": "{\"query\":\"SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;\"}",
                "name": "ask_database"
            },
            "type": "function"
        }
    ]
}
{
    "tool_call_id": "call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62",
    "role": "tool",
    "name": "ask_database",
    "content": "[(1003, 86.0)]"
}
{
    "content": "消费最高的用户是用户ID为1003，消费总额为86.00。",
    "refusal": null,
    "role": "assistant",
    "audio": null,
    "function_call": null,
    "tool_calls": null
}

Process finished with exit code 0