在Linux环境下，可以通过以下命令快速获取系统和硬件信息。最后将这些命令整合成一个脚本（如 `sysinfo.sh``），一键输出所有信息。
1. 系统信息
bash
# 内核信息
uname -a
# 发行版信息
lsb_release -a 2>/dev/null || cat /etc/*release*
# 系统启动时间
uptime
# 环境变量
echo "PATH: $PATH"2. 硬件信息
bash
# CPU信息
lscpu
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | uniq
# 内存信息
free -h
cat /proc/meminfo | grep "MemTotal"
# 磁盘和分区
lsblk
df -h
# PCI设备（GPU、网卡等）
lspci
# USB设备
lsusb
# 主板和BIOS（需要root）
sudo dmidecode -t baseboard
sudo dmidecode -t bios
# 电池信息（笔记本）
upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT03. 显卡信息
bash
# NVIDIA显卡（需安装驱动）
nvidia-smi 2>/dev/null
# 通用GPU信息
lspci | grep -i vga4. 网络信息
bash
# IP和接口
ip addr
hostname -I
# 路由表
ip route
# DNS配置
cat /etc/resolv.conf
# 网络管理器状态（需安装NetworkManager）
nmcli dev status5. 已安装软件
bash
# Debian/Ubuntu
dpkg -l
# RedHat/CentOS
rpm -qa
# Snap包
snap list
# Flatpak包
flatpak list6. 整合脚本
将以下内容保存为 sysinfo.sh，运行 bash sysinfo.sh 输出到文件：
bash
#!/bin/bash
{
echo "===== 系统信息 ====="
uname -a
lsb_release -a 2>/dev/null || cat /etc/*release*
uptime
echo -e "\n===== CPU信息 ====="
lscpu
echo -e "\n===== 内存信息 ====="
free -h
echo -e "\n===== 磁盘信息 ====="
lsblk
df -h
echo -e "\n===== 显卡信息 ====="
lspci | grep -i vga
nvidia-smi 2>/dev/null
echo -e "\n===== 网络信息 ====="
ip addr
hostname -I
echo -e "\n===== 环境变量 ====="
echo "PATH: $PATH"
} | tee system-info.txt
echo "信息已保存到 system-info.txt"7. 其他工具推荐
-
inxi：综合信息工具（需安装sudo apt install inxi）bashinxi -Fxz -
neofetch：美观的系统信息工具（需安装）bashneofetch
通过上述命令，可以快速全面地获取Linux系统的软硬件配置信息。
8.输出结果
最后输出的结果展示如下：
脚本:
bash
> touch sysinfo.sh
> vim sysinfo.sh
> ll sysinfo.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tipriest tipriest 552 3月 17 14:58 sysinfo.sh
> sudo chmod +x ./sysinfo.sh
[sudo] password for tipriest:
> ll sysinfo.sh
-rwxrwxr-x 1 tipriest tipriest 552 3月 17 14:58 sysinfo.sh
> ./sysinfo.sh
===== 系统信息 =====
Linux engine 5.15.0-131-generic #141~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 16 18:38:51 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
14:59:17 up 18 min, 1 user, load average: 1.32, 1.46, 1.07
===== CPU信息 =====
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 16
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-15
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 8
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD
CPU family: 25
Model: 80
Model name: AMD Ryzen 7 5800H with Radeon Graphics
Stepping: 0
Frequency boost: disabled
CPU MHz: 3200.000
CPU max MHz: 3200.0000
CPU min MHz: 1200.0000
BogoMIPS: 6387.50
Virtualization: AMD-V
L1d cache: 256 KiB
L1i cache: 256 KiB
L2 cache: 4 MiB
L3 cache: 16 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected
Vulnerability Mds: Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Mitigation; safe RET
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Retpolines; IBPB conditional; IBRS_FW; STIBP always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf rapl pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt tce topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb bpext perfctr_llc mwaitx cpb cat_l3 cdp_l3 hw_pstate ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local clzero irperf xsaveerptr rdpru wbnoinvd cppc arat npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold avic v_vmsave_vmload vgif v_spec_ctrl umip pku ospke vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid overflow_recov succor smca fsrm
===== 内存信息 =====
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 31Gi 4.2Gi 18Gi 146Mi 8.7Gi 26Gi
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
===== 磁盘信息 =====
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 55.4M 1 loop /snap/core18/2846
loop1 7:1 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop2 7:2 0 63.7M 1 loop /snap/core20/2434
loop3 7:3 0 73.9M 1 loop /snap/core22/1722
loop4 7:4 0 55.4M 1 loop /snap/core18/2855
loop5 7:5 0 516M 1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/202
loop6 7:6 0 12.9M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/1113
loop7 7:7 0 63.8M 1 loop /snap/core20/2496
loop8 7:8 0 73.9M 1 loop /snap/core22/1748
loop9 7:9 0 346.3M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/119
loop10 7:10 0 505.1M 1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/176
loop11 7:11 0 164.8M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/198
loop12 7:12 0 44.4M 1 loop /snap/snapd/23545
loop13 7:13 0 44.5M 1 loop /snap/snapd/23771
loop14 7:14 0 349.7M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/143
loop15 7:15 0 91.7M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop16 7:16 0 87.4M 1 loop /snap/notion-snap-reborn/49
loop17 7:17 0 87M 1 loop /snap/notion-snap-reborn/50
loop18 7:18 0 12.2M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/1216
sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 511M 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 931G 0 part /
nvme0n1 259:0 0 477G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 260M 0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 16M 0 part
├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 474.4G 0 part
├─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 2G 0 part
└─nvme0n1p5 259:5 0 301M 0 part
nvme1n1 259:6 0 931.5G 0 disk
├─nvme1n1p1 259:7 0 16M 0 part
├─nvme1n1p2 259:8 0 400G 0 part
├─nvme1n1p3 259:9 0 30.5G 0 part
└─nvme1n1p4 259:10 0 501G 0 part
df: /run/user/1000/doc: Operation not permitted
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.2G 2.4M 3.2G 1% /run
/dev/sda2 916G 856G 14G 99% /
tmpfs 16G 102M 16G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2846
/dev/loop1 128K 128K 0 100% /snap/bare/5
/dev/loop3 74M 74M 0 100% /snap/core22/1722
/dev/loop2 64M 64M 0 100% /snap/core20/2434
/dev/loop4 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2855
/dev/loop6 13M 13M 0 100% /snap/snap-store/1113
/dev/loop7 64M 64M 0 100% /snap/core20/2496
/dev/loop5 517M 517M 0 100% /snap/gnome-42-2204/202
/dev/loop10 506M 506M 0 100% /snap/gnome-42-2204/176
/dev/loop16 88M 88M 0 100% /snap/notion-snap-reborn/49
/dev/loop13 45M 45M 0 100% /snap/snapd/23771
/dev/loop9 347M 347M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/119
/dev/loop18 13M 13M 0 100% /snap/snap-store/1216
/dev/loop11 165M 165M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/198
/dev/loop12 45M 45M 0 100% /snap/snapd/23545
/dev/loop8 74M 74M 0 100% /snap/core22/1748
/dev/loop15 92M 92M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
/dev/loop14 350M 350M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/143
/dev/loop17 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/notion-snap-reborn/50
tmpfs 3.2G 5.1M 3.2G 1% /run/user/1000
===== 显卡信息 =====
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 2560 (rev a1)
Mon Mar 17 14:59:17 2025
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 555.42.02 Driver Version: 555.42.02 CUDA Version: 12.5 |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 ... Off | 00000000:01:00.0 On | N/A |
| N/A 41C P8 15W / 80W | 544MiB / 6144MiB | 23% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=========================================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 1490 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 242MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 1828 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 109MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 2466 G ...gnu/webkit2gtk-4.0/WebKitWebProcess 0MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 17141 G ...55,262144 --variations-seed-version 118MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 19196 G ...an,WebOTP --variations-seed-version 20MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
===== 网络信息 =====
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 6c:24:08:23:3a:63 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp3s0
3: wlp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether e4:fd:45:3f:8b:53 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.2/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp4s0
valid_lft 85446sec preferred_lft 85446sec
inet6 fe80::7381:e358:2188:b1f/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: br-67610ac5d589: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 86:47:bf:5f:0e:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.19.0.1/16 brd 172.19.255.255 scope global br-67610ac5d589
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: br-7f68d848895d: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 66:6c:78:1b:96:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.0.1/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global br-7f68d848895d
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether f6:54:db:07:21:3f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
192.168.2.2 172.19.0.1 172.18.0.1 172.17.0.1
===== 环境变量 =====
PATH: /usr/local/cuda/bin:/home/tipriest/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
信息已保存到 system-info.txtinxi工具:
bash
> inxi -Fxz
System: Kernel: 5.15.0-131-generic x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: N/A Desktop: Gnome 3.36.9
Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa)
Machine: Type: Laptop System: LENOVO product: 82JQ v: Lenovo Legion R9000P2021H serial: <filter>
Mobo: LENOVO model: LNVNB161216 v: SDK0T76479 WIN serial: <filter> UEFI: LENOVO v: GKCN65WW date: 01/16/2024
Battery: ID-1: BAT0 charge: 69.0 Wh condition: 69.0/80.0 Wh (86%) model: Celxpert L20C4PC1 status: Full
Device-1: hidpp_battery_0 model: Logitech MX Keys Wireless Keyboard charge: 100% (should be ignored)
status: Discharging
Device-2: hidpp_battery_1 model: Logitech Wireless Mouse MX Master 3 charge: 100% (should be ignored)
status: Discharging
CPU: Topology: 8-Core model: AMD Ryzen 7 5800H with Radeon Graphics bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Zen 3 L2 cache: 4096 KiB
flags: avx avx2 lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 svm bogomips: 102200
Speed: 2746 MHz max: 3200 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 2746 2: 2573 3: 2815 4: 3029 5: 3040 6: 2687 7: 3179 8: 3194
9: 3166 10: 2892 11: 2997 12: 3134 13: 2886 14: 3030 15: 2755 16: 2600
Graphics: Device-1: NVIDIA vendor: Lenovo driver: nvidia v: 555.42.02 bus ID: 01:00.0
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.13 driver: nvidia unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,nouveau,vesa
resolution: 2560x1440~60Hz, 2560x1600~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU/PCIe/SSE2 v: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 555.42.02 direct render: Yes
Audio: Device-1: NVIDIA driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus ID: 01:00.1
Device-2: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor vendor: Lenovo driver: N/A
bus ID: 06:00.5
Device-3: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Family 17h HD Audio vendor: Lenovo driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel
bus ID: 06:00.6
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.15.0-131-generic
Network: Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Lenovo driver: r8169 v: kernel port: 1000
bus ID: 03:00.0
IF: eno1 state: down mac: <filter>
Device-2: Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX200 driver: iwlwifi v: kernel port: 1000 bus ID: 04:00.0
IF: wlp4s0 state: up mac: <filter>
IF-ID-1: br-67610ac5d589 state: down mac: <filter>
IF-ID-2: br-7f68d848895d state: down mac: <filter>
IF-ID-3: docker0 state: down mac: <filter>
Drives: Local Storage: total: 1.38 TiB used: 855.52 GiB (60.7%)
ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 vendor: Samsung model: MZVLB512HBJQ-000L2 size: 476.94 GiB temp: 32 C
ID-2: /dev/nvme1n1 vendor: Crucial model: CT1000P2SSD8 size: 931.51 GiB temp: 37 C
ID-3: /dev/sda type: USB model: SSK SSK Storage size: 931.51 GiB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 915.32 GiB used: 855.52 GiB (93.5%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda2
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 54.0 C mobo: N/A gpu: nvidia temp: 43 C
Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Info: Processes: 455 Uptime: 21m Memory: 31.19 GiB used: 4.50 GiB (14.4%) Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Compilers: gcc: 9.4.0
Shell: zsh v: 5.8 inxi: 3.0.38neofetch工具
sudo apt-get install neofetch
neofetch