【从零实现Json-Rpc框架】- 入门准备篇

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文章目录

📢前言
🏳️‍🌈一、项目介绍
🏳️‍🌈二、技术选型
- [2.1 目前RPC的实现方案有两种:](#2.1 目前RPC的实现方案有两种:)
- [2.2 网络传输的参数和返回值怎么映射到对应的RPC接口上?](#2.2 网络传输的参数和返回值怎么映射到对应的RPC接口上?)
- [2.3 网络传输怎么做?](#2.3 网络传输怎么做?)
- [2.4 序列化和反序列化?](#2.4 序列化和反序列化?)
🏳️‍🌈三、开发环境及搭建
- [3.1 安装wget(⼀般情况下默认会⾃带)](#3.1 安装wget(⼀般情况下默认会⾃带))
- [3.2 更换国内软件源](#3.2 更换国内软件源)
- [3.3 新增完毕后，更新源](#3.3 新增完毕后，更新源)
- [3.4 安装lrzsz传输工具](#3.4 安装lrzsz传输工具)
- [3.5 安装编译器gcc/g++](#3.5 安装编译器gcc/g++)
- [3.6 安装项目构建工具 make](#3.6 安装项目构建工具 make)
- [3.7 安装调试器 gdb](#3.7 安装调试器 gdb)
- [3.8 安装Git](#3.8 安装Git)
- [3.9 安装cmake](#3.9 安装cmake)
- [3.10 安装jsoncpp](#3.10 安装jsoncpp)
- [3.11 安装Muduo](#3.11 安装Muduo)
👥总结

📢前言

RPC(Remote Procedure Call )远程过程调用，是一种通过网络从远程计算机上请求服务，而不需要了解底层网络通信细节。RPC可以使用多种网络协议进行通信，如HTTP、TCP、UDP等，并且在TCP/IP网络四层模型中跨越了传输层和应用层。

简言之RPC就是像调用本地方法一样调用远程方法过程可以理解为业务处理、计算任务，更直白的说，就是程序/方法/函数等，就是像调用本地方法一样调用远程方法。

🏳️‍🌈一、项目介绍

举个形象的例子:谈恋爱例子
本地过程调用 ：恋爱对象在你的身边，可以随时约对象吃饭、看电影、约会等等
远端过程调用：好像异地恋一样，隔着千山万水，如果想约会，需要先和对象进行约定，在坐火车/飞机赶到约定的地点

这个项目是基于C++、JsonCpp、muduo网络库实现一个简单、易用的RPC通信框架，即使是不懂网络的开发者也可以很快速的上手，它实现了同步调用、异步callback调用、异步futrue调用、服务注册/发现，服务上线/下线以及发布订阅等功能设计。

🏳️‍🌈二、技术选型

2.1 目前RPC的实现方案有两种:

方案一：client和server继承公共接口

根据IDL(接口描述语言)定义公共接口。
编写代码生成器根据IDL语言生成相关的C++、Java代码
然后我们的客户端和服务器程序共同向上继承公共接口即可
比如我们常用的Protobuf、json可以定义IDL接口，并生成RPC相关的代码
缺点: 使用pb因为生成一部分代码，所以对理解不够友好;如果是json定义IDL语言需要自己编写代码生成器难度较大一点，暂不考虑这种方案

方案二：实现一个远程调用接口call,然后通过传入函数名参数来调用RPC接口,我们采用这种实现方案

2.2 网络传输的参数和返回值怎么映射到对应的RPC接口上?

方案一 ：使用protobuf的反射机制
方案二 ：使用C++模板、类型萃取、函数萃取等机制
方案三 ：使用更通用的类型，比如JSON类型，设计好参数和返回值协议即可前两种技术难度和学习成本较高，我们使用第三种方式

2.3 网络传输怎么做?

方案一 ：原生socket-实现难度较大，暂不考虑
方案二 ：Boostasio库的异步通信-需要扩展boost库
方案三：muduo库，学习开发成本较低

2.4 序列化和反序列化?

方案一 ：Protobuf: 可选
方案二：JSON，因为项目需要使用JSON来定义函数参数和返回值，所以砸门项目中直接采用JSON进行序列化和反序列化

🏳️‍🌈三、开发环境及搭建

需要centos的私信我

Linux(Ubuntu-22.04)
VSCode/Vim
g++/gdb
Makefile

3.1 安装wget(⼀般情况下默认会⾃带)

bash 复制代码

sudo apt-get install wget

3.2 更换国内软件源

先备份原来的/etc/apt/source.list⽂件

bash 复制代码

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.

添加软件源⽂件内容，新增以下内容

bash 复制代码

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#添加清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

注意一下格式

3.3 新增完毕后，更新源

bash 复制代码

sudo apt-get update

大约长这样

3.4 安装lrzsz传输工具

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install lrzsz
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
lrzsz is already the newest version (0.12.21-10).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 210 not upgraded.
root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# rz --version
rz (GNU lrzsz) 0.12.21rc

3.5 安装编译器gcc/g++

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install gcc g++
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
g++ is already the newest version (4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1).
g++ set to manually installed.
gcc is already the newest version (4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 210 not upgraded.

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

3.6 安装项目构建工具 make

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install make
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
make is already the newest version (4.3-4.1build1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 210 not upgraded.
root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# make --version
GNU Make 4.3
Built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

3.7 安装调试器 gdb

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install gdb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
gdb is already the newest version (12.1-0ubuntu1~22.04.2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 207 not upgraded.
root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# gdb --version
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 12.1-0ubuntu1~22.04.2) 12.1
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

如果出现这样的界面的话，可以使用 Tab 跳转到 Cancel

3.8 安装Git

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
git is already the newest version (1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.12).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 206 not upgraded.
root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# git --version
git version 2.34.1

3.9 安装cmake

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install cmake
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
cmake is already the newest version (3.22.1-1ubuntu1.22.04.2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 206 not upgraded.
root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# cmake --version
cmake version 3.22.1

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

3.10 安装jsoncpp

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install libjsoncpp-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
libjsoncpp-dev is already the newest version (1.9.5-3).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 206 not upgraded.

3.11 安装Muduo

下载源码

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# git clone https://github.com/chenshuo/muduo.git
Cloning into 'muduo'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 8442, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (263/263), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (58/58), done.
remote: Total 8442 (delta 217), reused 206 (delta 204), pack-reused 8179 (from 2)
Receiving objects: 100% (8442/8442), 1.77 MiB | 2.90 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5248/5248), done.

安装依赖环境

bash 复制代码

root@VM-20-5-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get install libz-dev libboost-all-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'zlib1g-dev' instead of 'libz-dev'
libboost-all-dev is already the newest version (1.74.0.3ubuntu7).
zlib1g-dev is already the newest version (1:1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu9.2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 188 not upgraded.

运⾏脚本编译安装

这部分就是在解压，太长了不放出来了，预计3分钟左右

bash 复制代码

./build.sh
./build.sh install

👥总结

本篇博文对 【从零实现Json-Rpc框架】- 入门准备篇 做了一个较为详细的介绍，不知道对你有没有帮助呢

觉得博主写得还不错的三连支持下吧！会继续努力的~