Python FastAPI + Celery + RabbitMQ 分布式图片水印处理系统

FastAPI 服务器
Celery 任务队列
RabbitMQ 作为消息代理
定时任务处理

首先创建项目结构：

plaintext 复制代码

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\meitu\
├── app/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   ├── celery_app.py
│   ├── tasks.py
│   └── config.py
├── requirements.txt
└── celery_worker.py

首先创建 requirements.txt：

plaintext:c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\meitu\requirements.txt 复制代码

fastapi==0.104.1
uvicorn==0.24.0
celery==5.3.4
python-dotenv==1.0.0
requests==2.31.0

创建配置文件：

python:c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\meitu\app\config.py 复制代码

from dotenv import load_dotenv
import os

load_dotenv()

# RabbitMQ配置
RABBITMQ_HOST = os.getenv("RABBITMQ_HOST", "localhost")
RABBITMQ_PORT = os.getenv("RABBITMQ_PORT", "5672")
RABBITMQ_USER = os.getenv("RABBITMQ_USER", "guest")
RABBITMQ_PASS = os.getenv("RABBITMQ_PASS", "guest")

# Celery配置
CELERY_BROKER_URL = f"amqp://{RABBITMQ_USER}:{RABBITMQ_PASS}@{RABBITMQ_HOST}:{RABBITMQ_PORT}//"
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = "rpc://"

# 定时任务配置
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
    'process-images-every-hour': {
        'task': 'app.tasks.process_images',
        'schedule': 3600.0,  # 每小时执行一次
    },
    'daily-cleanup': {
        'task': 'app.tasks.cleanup_old_images',
        'schedule': 86400.0,  # 每天执行一次
    }
}

创建 Celery 应用：

python:c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\meitu\app\celery_app.py 复制代码

from celery import Celery
from app.config import CELERY_BROKER_URL, CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND, CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE

celery_app = Celery(
    'image_processing',
    broker=CELERY_BROKER_URL,
    backend=CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND,
    include=['app.tasks']
)

# 配置定时任务
celery_app.conf.beat_schedule = CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE
celery_app.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'

创建任务文件：

python:c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\meitu\app\tasks.py 复制代码

from app.celery_app import celery_app
from app.watermark import ImageWatermarker
import os
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

@celery_app.task
def add_watermark_task(image_path, text, position='center'):
    """异步添加水印任务"""
    watermarker = ImageWatermarker()
    try:
        result_path = watermarker.add_watermark(
            image_path=image_path,
            text=text,
            position=position
        )
        return {"status": "success", "output_path": result_path}
    except Exception as e:
        return {"status": "error", "message": str(e)}

@celery_app.task
def process_images():
    """定时处理图片任务"""
    image_dir = "images/pending"
    if not os.path.exists(image_dir):
        return {"status": "error", "message": "Pending directory not found"}

    processed = 0
    for image in os.listdir(image_dir):
        if image.lower().endswith(('.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg')):
            add_watermark_task.delay(
                os.path.join(image_dir, image),
                "自动处理水印",
                'center'
            )
            processed += 1

    return {"status": "success", "processed": processed}

@celery_app.task
def cleanup_old_images():
    """清理旧图片任务"""
    output_dir = "images/processed"
    if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
        return {"status": "error", "message": "Output directory not found"}

    threshold_date = datetime.now() - timedelta(days=7)
    cleaned = 0

    for image in os.listdir(output_dir):
        image_path = os.path.join(output_dir, image)
        if os.path.getctime(image_path) < threshold_date.timestamp():
            os.remove(image_path)
            cleaned += 1

    return {"status": "success", "cleaned": cleaned}

创建 FastAPI 应用：

python:c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\meitu\app\main.py 复制代码

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile, BackgroundTasks
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
import os
from app.tasks import add_watermark_task
from app.celery_app import celery_app

app = FastAPI(title="图片水印处理服务")

@app.post("/upload/")
async def upload_image(
    file: UploadFile = File(...),
    text: str = "水印文本",
    position: str = "center"
):
    # 保存上传的文件
    file_path = f"images/uploads/{file.filename}"
    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(file_path), exist_ok=True)
    
    with open(file_path, "wb") as buffer:
        content = await file.read()
        buffer.write(content)
    
    # 创建异步任务
    task = add_watermark_task.delay(file_path, text, position)
    
    return JSONResponse({
        "status": "success",
        "message": "图片已上传并加入处理队列",
        "task_id": task.id
    })

@app.get("/task/{task_id}")
async def get_task_status(task_id: str):
    task = celery_app.AsyncResult(task_id)
    if task.ready():
        return {"status": "completed", "result": task.result}
    return {"status": "processing"}

@app.get("/tasks/scheduled")
async def get_scheduled_tasks():
    return {"tasks": celery_app.conf.beat_schedule}

创建 Celery worker 启动文件：

python:c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\meitu\celery_worker.py 复制代码

from app.celery_app import celery_app

if __name__ == '__main__':
    celery_app.start()

使用说明：

首先安装依赖：

bash 复制代码

pip install -r requirements.txt

确保 RabbitMQ 服务已启动
启动 FastAPI 服务器：

bash 复制代码

uvicorn app.main:app --reload

启动 Celery worker：

bash 复制代码

celery -A celery_worker.celery_app worker --loglevel=info

启动 Celery beat（定时任务）：

bash 复制代码

celery -A celery_worker.celery_app beat --loglevel=info

这个系统提供以下功能：

通过 FastAPI 接口上传图片并异步处理水印
使用 Celery 处理异步任务队列
使用 RabbitMQ 作为消息代理
支持定时任务：
- 每小时自动处理待处理图片
- 每天清理一周前的旧图片
支持任务状态查询
支持查看计划任务列表

API 端点：

POST /upload/ - 上传图片并创建水印任务
GET /task/{task_id} - 查询任务状态
GET /tasks/scheduled - 查看计划任务列表