JAVA-使用Apache POI导出数据到Excel，并把每条数据的图片打包成zip附件项

最近项目要实现一个功能，就是在导出报表的时候，要把每条数据的所有图片都要打包成zip附件在excel里一起导出。

1. 添加依赖

复制代码

           <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
                <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
                <version>5.2.5</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
                <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
                <version>5.2.5</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
                <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
                <version>5.2.5</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
                <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
                <version>3.9.11</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                <version>2.16.1</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.36</version>
            </dependency>

2. 实现代码

以下是一个完整的Java实现：

2.1 把图片打包成zip

复制代码

 /**
     * 把图片和视频打包成一个zip文件
     *
     * @param zipFilePath
     * @param imagePaths
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public File createZipFile(String zipFilePath, List<String> imagePaths) throws IOException, InvalidFormatException {
        File zipFile = new File(zipFilePath);
        if (!zipFile.exists()) {
            if (!zipFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
                zipFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
            }
            zipFile.createNewFile();
        }
        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(zipFilePath);
             ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(fos)) {

            for (String imagePath : imagePaths) {
                File fileToZip = new File(imagePath);
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileToZip);
                ZipEntry zipEntry = new ZipEntry(fileToZip.getName());
                zos.putNextEntry(zipEntry);
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                int length;
                while ((length = fis.read(bytes)) >= 0) {
                    zos.write(bytes, 0, length);

                }
                fis.close();
            }

        }
        return zipFile;
    }

2.2 把Zip文件添加到excel附件，并生成缩略图

复制代码

package com.bdspace.gateway.util;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.FileSystemView;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;

/**
 * poi打包图片成zip文件添加到excel附件
 *
 * @author lyl
 * @version v1.0
 * @since 2025/4/24
 */
public class PoiAttachUtil {


    /**
     * 创建附件
     * @param workbook
     * @param sheet
     * @param row
     * @param zipFile
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void createAttch(Workbook workbook, Sheet sheet, int row, String zipFile) throws IOException {
        //只有HSSFWorkbook才能使用OLE对象，并且poi需要在4.0之上
        // 创建工作簿和工作表对象
        // 读取需要添加的文件，如果有需要添加多个文件的需求，可以循环表格来添加
        File pdfFile = new File(zipFile);
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(pdfFile);
        byte[] pdfBytes = new byte[(int) pdfFile.length()];
        fis.read(pdfBytes);
        fis.close();

        // 获取文件系统视图
        FileSystemView view = FileSystemView.getFileSystemView();
        Icon systemIcon = view.getSystemIcon(pdfFile);
        // 将 Icon 对象转换为 Image 对象
        Image image = iconToImage(systemIcon);
        // 将 Image 对象转换为字节数组
        byte[] imageBytes = imageToByteArray(image);


        //将文件的图标添加进入到Excel文件内
        int iconid = workbook.addPicture(imageBytes, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG);
        // 在工作表中创建OLE对象，就是将文件插入到Excel文件中
        int pdfIdx = workbook.addOlePackage(pdfBytes, pdfFile.getName(), row + pdfFile.getName(), pdfFile.getName());

        // 创建画布和锚点
        Drawing<?> drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
        ClientAnchor anchor = drawing.createAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, 6, row, 7, row + 1);//这里的参数后续根据传过来的信息来变化。row，col
        anchor.setAnchorType(HSSFClientAnchor.AnchorType.MOVE_AND_RESIZE);
        drawing.createObjectData(anchor, pdfIdx, iconid);

    }


    // 将 Icon 对象转换为 Image 对象
    private Image iconToImage(Icon icon) {
        if (icon instanceof ImageIcon) {
            return ((ImageIcon) icon).getImage();
        } else {
            int width = icon.getIconWidth();
            int height = icon.getIconHeight();
            BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
            Graphics graphics = image.createGraphics();
            icon.paintIcon(null, graphics, 0, 0);
            graphics.dispose();
            return image;
        }
    }

    // 将 Image 对象转换为字节数组
    private byte[] imageToByteArray(Image image) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(imageToBufferedImage(image), "png", byteArrayOutputStream);
        return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
    }

    // 将 Image 对象转换为 BufferedImage 对象
    private BufferedImage imageToBufferedImage(Image image) {
        if (image instanceof BufferedImage) {
            return (BufferedImage) image;
        }

        BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(image.getWidth(null), image.getHeight(null), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D graphics2D = bufferedImage.createGraphics();
        graphics2D.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
        graphics2D.dispose();
        return bufferedImage;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PoiAttachUtil p = new PoiAttachUtil();
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");
        Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
        //加载附件
        String zipFilePahth = "D:\\testaa\\image1.zip";
        try {
            p.createAttch(workbook, sheet, 1, zipFilePahth);
            try (OutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("D:\\testaa\\事件测试2.xls")) {
                workbook.write(fileOut);
            }
            // 关闭工作簿
            workbook.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }


}

3. 在Spring MVC控制器中使用

复制代码

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Controller
public class ExportController {
    
 
    
    @GetMapping("/export/employees")
    public void exportEmployees(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
       PoiAttachUtil p = new PoiAttachUtil();
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");
        Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
        String zipFilePath="d:\\temp\test.zip";
        
        //添加图片路径。或从数据库拿
         List<String> files=new ArrayList<>();
        //加载附件
        String zipFilePahth =  p.createZipFile(zipFilePath, files);
        try {
            p.createAttch(workbook, sheet, 1, zipFilePahth);
            try (OutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(response)) {
                workbook.write(fileOut);
            }
            // 关闭工作簿
            workbook.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

4. 功能说明

Excel创建：使用Apache POI创建XSSFWorkbook（支持.xlsx格式）
数据填充：将数据填充到工作表中，自动处理不同类型的数据
ZIP打包：把对应路径下的文件打包成ZIP
HTTP响应：设置正确的响应头，将ZIP文件发送给客户端

5. 高级选项

多Sheet支持：可以在一个Excel文件中创建多个工作表
多文件打包：可以在ZIP中包含多个Excel文件或其他文件
样式设置：可以为单元格添加样式（字体、颜色、边框等）
大数据量处理：对于大数据量，可以使用SXSSFWorkbook来减少内存消耗