MySQL主从复制 - 技术栈

|--------|-----------------|----------------|--------------|
| 主机 | 操作系统 | ip地址 | 应用 |
| Master | openEuler 24.03 | 192.168.10.101 | Mysql-server |
| Slave1 | openEuler 24.03 | 192.168.10.102 | Mysql-server |
| Slave2 | openEuler 24.03 | 192.168.10.103 | Mysql-server |
| mycat | openEuler 24.03 | 192.168.10.104 | mycat2 |
| 客户端 | openEuler 24.03 | 192.168.10.105 | mysql |
[案例环境]

2. 网络要求

确保主从服务器之间网络互通

开放MySQL默认端口3306

关闭防火墙或设置相应规则

三：案例实施

1：配置master主服务器

（1）修改MySQL配置文件(my.cnf)

cpp 复制代码

[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock 
[mysqld] 
server-id=1
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
port = 3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
max_connections=2048
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

（2）重启MySQL服务

cpp 复制代码

systemctl restart mysqld

（3）创建复制专用用户

cpp 复制代码

mysql -uroot -ppwd123
create user 'myslave'@'%' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'%';
alter user 'myslave'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';

（4）查看主服务器状态

cpp 复制代码

flush privileges;

show master status;
#记录输出中的File和Position值，例如：
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      745 | test_db      | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

2：配置slave从服务器

在Slave1，Slave2服务器上面分别执行下面步骤：

（1）修改MySQL配置文件(my.cnf)

cpp 复制代码

[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock 
[mysqld] 
server-id=2
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
port = 3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
max_connections=2048
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

（2）重启MySQL服务

cpp 复制代码

systemctl restart mysqld

（3）登录MySQL，配置同步

cpp 复制代码

mysql -uroot -ppwd123
change master to master_host='192.168.10.201',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.00001',master_log_pos=157;

（4）启动同步

cpp 复制代码

start slave;

（5）查看slave状态，确保一下两个值为YES

cpp 复制代码

start slave status\G;

3：验证主从复制效果

（1）在主服务器创建测试数据库

cpp 复制代码

CREATE DATABASE test_db;
USE test_db;
CREATE TABLE test_table (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50));
INSERT INTO test_table (name) VALUES ('测试数据1'), ('测试数据2');

（2）在从服务器验证

cpp 复制代码

USE test_db;
SELECT * FROM test_table;