mysql not in 查询引发的bug问题记录

modelmd2025-07-19 9:01

mysql not in 查询引发的bug问题记录

数据准备

版本信息

mysql 8.0.13

shell 复制代码 
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.13    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

建表语句

sql 复制代码 
create table t_null_test(
  id bigint primary key auto_increment,
  city varchar(100) comment '居住城市',
  user_id bigint comment '用户ID'
) charset=utf8mb4 comment = 'not in null测试表';

create table t_user(
id bigint primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(50) comment '姓名'
) charset=utf8mb4;

查看表信息

show create table t_null_test\G

shell 复制代码 
mysql> show create table t_null_test\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t_null_test
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t_null_test` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `city` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '居住城市',
  `user_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='not in null测试表'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

mysql> show create table t_user\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t_user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

测试数据

sql 复制代码 
insert into t_null_test(city, user_id) values('佛山', 'cd'),('广州', 'scd'), ('深圳', 'ss'), ('东莞', null);
shell 复制代码 
mysql> insert into t_null_test(city, user_id) values('佛山', 1),('广州', 2), ('深圳', 3), ('东莞', null);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t_null_test;
+----+------+---------+
| id | city | user_id |
+----+------+---------+
|  1 | 佛山 |       1 |
|  2 | 广州 |       2 |
|  3 | 深圳 |       3 |
|  4 | 东莞 |    NULL |
+----+------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t_user(name) values('scd'),('cd'),('ss'),('sss');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t_user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | scd  |
|  2 | cd   |
|  3 | ss   |
|  4 | sss  |
+----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题说明

使用 not in 查询

shell 复制代码 
mysql> select * from t_user where id not in (select user_id from t_null_test);
Empty set (0.07 sec)

这条有问题的sql 主要的功能是从t_user表中筛选出那些id值不在t_null_test表的user_id列中的记录，查询出的结果为空，实际上是有一个id=4不存在 t_null_test表的

问题分析以及正确写法

执行逻辑

  1. 先执行子查询select user_id from t_null_test获取所有user_id值
  2. 主查询检查t_user表中每条记录的id是否不在子查询结果集中
  3. 最终返回满足条件的完整用户记录

错误问题分析

NOT IN在处理包含NULL值的子查询时可能返回意外结果，因为NULL值的比较会返回UNKNOWN而非TRUE/FALSE

性能分析

当子查询结果集较大时性能较差，因为它需要对子查询结果进行哈希匹配

正确写法

  1. 过滤 null 数据
shell 复制代码 
mysql> select * from t_user where id not in (select user_id from t_null_test where user_id is not null);
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  4 | sss  |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  1. 使用 not exists (推荐)
shell 复制代码 
mysql> select * from t_user u where not exists (select 1 from t_null_test t where u.id=t.user_id);
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  4 | sss  |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  1. 使用left join 过滤 null
shell 复制代码 
mysql> explain select * from t_user u left join t_null_test t on u.id=t.user_id where t.user_id is null;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | u     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    4 |   100.00 | NULL                                               |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ALL  | idx_user_id   | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    4 |    25.00 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

为啥推荐 not exists, 查看sql 执行计划分析

shell 复制代码 
mysql> explain select * from t_user u where not exists (select 1 from t_null_test t where u.id=t.user_id);
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type        | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref       | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | u     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL      |    4 |   100.00 | Using where |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | t     | NULL       | ref  | idx_user_id   | idx_user_id | 9       | test.u.id |    1 |   100.00 | Using index |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select * from t_user where id not in (select user_id from t_null_test where user_id is not null);
+----+--------------------+-------------+------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table       | partitions | type           | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+--------------------+-------------+------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | t_user      | NULL       | ALL            | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL |    4 |   100.00 | Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | t_null_test | NULL       | index_subquery | idx_user_id   | idx_user_id | 9       | func |    2 |   100.00 | Using where; Using index |
+----+--------------------+-------------+------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.02 sec)

mysql> explain select * from t_user u left join t_null_test t on u.id=t.user_id where t.user_id is null;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | u     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    4 |   100.00 | NULL                                               |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ALL  | idx_user_id   | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    4 |    25.00 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

扫描行数计算 rows * filtered%

  1. not exists = 1 * 100% = 1
  2. not in = 2 * 100% = 2
  3. left join ... not null = 4 * 25% = 1
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