问题背景
需求：俺现网班级作为维度，批量导出每个班级学员的数据，excel的个数在1k左右，每一张表的人数在90左右。导出总耗时在10小时左右。
代码编写完成并导出现网数据后，发现导出的标题错了。
解决方案
1.通过修改代码，重新导出。（耗时在10h）
2.通过java 代码实现excel标签替换。（耗时在10分钟）
代码实现
依赖
java
implementation "org.apache.poi:poi:5.2.3"
implementation "org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml:5.2.3"代码
其中当文件中只有旧的标签且其他数据不存在时，会直接报错，需要我们手动处理即可。
template为我们新模板的样式文件，sourseDir为旧excel的文件夹。outputDir为新文件的生成位置。
根据样式的实际行数修改readTemplateData中的循环行数。removeRows方法中设置旧excel中标签的起止行数。（索引从0开始）
java
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class ExecelUtios {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String templatePath = "C:\\Users\\fjhb\\Desktop\\test111\\template.xlsx";
String sourceDir = "C:\\Users\\fjhb\\Desktop\\教育学院\\4考勤\\2023";
String outputDir = "C:\\Users\\fjhb\\Desktop\\教育学院\\4考勤最总\\2023\\";
try {
// 读取模板数据（内容和样式）
TemplateData templateData = readTemplateData(templatePath);
List<String> errorFileName = new ArrayList<>();
File dir = new File(sourceDir);
File[] files = dir.listFiles((d, name) ->
name.toLowerCase().endsWith(".xls") || name.toLowerCase().endsWith(".xlsx"));
if (files == null || files.length == 0) {
System.out.println("目录中没有Excel文件");
return;
}
System.out.println("开始处理 " + files.length + " 个文件...");
for (File file : files) {
try {
processFile(file, templateData, outputDir);
System.out.println("✓ 已处理: " + file.getName());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("✗ 处理失败: " + file.getName() + " - " + e.getMessage());
errorFileName.add(file.getName());
}
}
System.out.println("处理完成! 成功处理 " + files.length + " 个文件");
if(!errorFileName.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("执行错误，需要手动处理的文件为下（因为文件没有内容只有标题）:");
for (String s : errorFileName) {
System.err.println(s);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 读取模板数据（包含样式、内容和合并单元格）
private static TemplateData readTemplateData(String templatePath) throws IOException {
try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(templatePath);
Workbook templateWorkbook = WorkbookFactory.create(is)) {
Sheet sheet = templateWorkbook.getSheetAt(0);
List<RowData> rows = new ArrayList<>();
List<CellRangeAddress> mergedRegions = new ArrayList<>();
// 读取前三行
for (int i = 0; i < 3 && i <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); i++) {
Row row = sheet.getRow(i);
if (row != null) {
rows.add(new RowData(row, templateWorkbook));
}
}
// 读取前三行的合并单元格区域
for (int i = 0; i < sheet.getNumMergedRegions(); i++) {
CellRangeAddress mergedRegion = sheet.getMergedRegion(i);
if (mergedRegion.getLastRow() < 3) { // 只处理前三行的合并
mergedRegions.add(mergedRegion);
}
}
return new TemplateData(rows, mergedRegions, templateWorkbook);
}
}
// 处理单个文件
private static void processFile(File file, TemplateData templateData, String outputDir)
throws IOException {
try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
Workbook workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(is)) {
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
// 1. 删除原有的合并区域（前三行）
removeMergedRegionsInRange(sheet, 0, 2);
// 2. 删除原有的前两行
removeRows(sheet, 0, 1);
// 3. 插入模板行（带样式）
insertTemplateRows(sheet, templateData, workbook);
// 4. 确保输出目录存在
File outDir = new File(outputDir);
if (!outDir.exists()) outDir.mkdirs();
// 5. 保存文件
String outputPath = outputDir + File.separator + file.getName();
try (OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(outputPath)) {
workbook.write(os);
}
}
}
// 删除指定行范围内的合并区域
private static void removeMergedRegionsInRange(Sheet sheet, int startRow, int endRow) {
for (int i = sheet.getNumMergedRegions() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
CellRangeAddress mergedRegion = sheet.getMergedRegion(i);
if (mergedRegion.getFirstRow() >= startRow && mergedRegion.getLastRow() <= endRow) {
sheet.removeMergedRegion(i);
}
}
}
// 删除指定行范围
private static void removeRows(Sheet sheet, int startRow, int endRow) {
// 删除行内容
for (int i = startRow; i <= endRow; i++) {
Row row = sheet.getRow(i);
if (row != null) {
sheet.removeRow(row);
}
}
// 移动行
if (endRow < sheet.getLastRowNum()) {
sheet.shiftRows(endRow + 1, sheet.getLastRowNum(), -(endRow - startRow + 1));
}
}
// 插入模板行（带样式）
private static void insertTemplateRows(Sheet sheet, TemplateData templateData, Workbook targetWorkbook) {
if (templateData.rows.isEmpty()) return;
// 移动现有行
sheet.shiftRows(0, sheet.getLastRowNum(), templateData.rows.size(), true, true);
// 创建新行并应用模板
for (int i = 0; i < templateData.rows.size(); i++) {
Row newRow = sheet.createRow(i);
templateData.rows.get(i).applyTo(newRow, targetWorkbook, templateData.sourceWorkbook);
}
// 添加合并区域
for (CellRangeAddress mergedRegion : templateData.mergedRegions) {
sheet.addMergedRegion(mergedRegion);
}
}
// 模板数据容器
static class TemplateData {
final List<RowData> rows;
final List<CellRangeAddress> mergedRegions;
final Workbook sourceWorkbook;
public TemplateData(List<RowData> rows, List<CellRangeAddress> mergedRegions, Workbook sourceWorkbook) {
this.rows = rows;
this.mergedRegions = mergedRegions;
this.sourceWorkbook = sourceWorkbook;
}
}
// 行数据容器
static class RowData {
private final List<CellData> cells = new ArrayList<>();
public RowData(Row sourceRow, Workbook sourceWorkbook) {
if (sourceRow != null) {
for (Cell cell : sourceRow) {
cells.add(new CellData(cell, sourceWorkbook));
}
}
}
public void applyTo(Row targetRow, Workbook targetWorkbook, Workbook sourceWorkbook) {
for (CellData cellData : cells) {
cellData.applyTo(targetRow, targetWorkbook, sourceWorkbook);
}
}
}
// 单元格数据容器（包含样式）
static class CellData {
private final int columnIndex;
private final CellStyle sourceStyle;
private final Object value;
private final CellType cellType;
private final Workbook sourceWorkbook;
public CellData(Cell sourceCell, Workbook sourceWorkbook) {
this.columnIndex = sourceCell.getColumnIndex();
this.sourceStyle = sourceCell.getCellStyle();
this.sourceWorkbook = sourceWorkbook;
this.cellType = sourceCell.getCellType();
switch (cellType) {
case STRING:
value = sourceCell.getStringCellValue();
break;
case NUMERIC:
value = sourceCell.getNumericCellValue();
break;
case BOOLEAN:
value = sourceCell.getBooleanCellValue();
break;
case FORMULA:
value = sourceCell.getCellFormula();
break;
case BLANK:
value = "";
break;
default:
value = null;
}
}
public void applyTo(Row targetRow, Workbook targetWorkbook, Workbook sourceWorkbook) {
Cell newCell = targetRow.createCell(columnIndex);
// 复制单元格值
setCellValue(newCell, value, cellType);
// 复制单元格样式（深度复制）
if (sourceStyle != null) {
CellStyle newStyle = targetWorkbook.createCellStyle();
copyCellStyleDeep(newStyle, sourceStyle, targetWorkbook, sourceWorkbook);
newCell.setCellStyle(newStyle);
}
}
private void setCellValue(Cell cell, Object value, CellType cellType) {
if (value == null) return;
switch (cellType) {
case STRING:
cell.setCellValue((String) value);
break;
case NUMERIC:
cell.setCellValue((Double) value);
break;
case BOOLEAN:
cell.setCellValue((Boolean) value);
break;
case FORMULA:
cell.setCellFormula((String) value);
break;
case BLANK:
cell.setBlank();
break;
default:
}
}
// 深度复制单元格样式（支持.xls和.xlsx）
private void copyCellStyleDeep(CellStyle newStyle, CellStyle sourceStyle,
Workbook targetWorkbook, Workbook sourceWorkbook) {
// 复制基本样式属性
newStyle.setAlignment(sourceStyle.getAlignment());
newStyle.setVerticalAlignment(sourceStyle.getVerticalAlignment());
newStyle.setBorderTop(sourceStyle.getBorderTop());
newStyle.setBorderBottom(sourceStyle.getBorderBottom());
newStyle.setBorderLeft(sourceStyle.getBorderLeft());
newStyle.setBorderRight(sourceStyle.getBorderRight());
newStyle.setTopBorderColor(sourceStyle.getTopBorderColor());
newStyle.setBottomBorderColor(sourceStyle.getBottomBorderColor());
newStyle.setLeftBorderColor(sourceStyle.getLeftBorderColor());
newStyle.setRightBorderColor(sourceStyle.getRightBorderColor());
newStyle.setFillPattern(sourceStyle.getFillPattern());
// 复制背景色
if (sourceStyle.getFillBackgroundColor() > 0) {
newStyle.setFillBackgroundColor(sourceStyle.getFillBackgroundColor());
}
// 复制前景色
if (sourceStyle.getFillForegroundColor() > 0) {
newStyle.setFillForegroundColor(sourceStyle.getFillForegroundColor());
}
// 复制其他属性
newStyle.setDataFormat(sourceStyle.getDataFormat());
newStyle.setWrapText(sourceStyle.getWrapText());
newStyle.setIndention(sourceStyle.getIndention());
newStyle.setRotation(sourceStyle.getRotation());
newStyle.setHidden(sourceStyle.getHidden());
newStyle.setLocked(sourceStyle.getLocked());
newStyle.setShrinkToFit(sourceStyle.getShrinkToFit());
// 复制字体
Font sourceFont = sourceWorkbook.getFontAt(sourceStyle.getFontIndex());
Font newFont = targetWorkbook.createFont();
copyFontDeep(newFont, sourceFont, targetWorkbook, sourceWorkbook);
newStyle.setFont(newFont);
}
// 深度复制字体样式
private void copyFontDeep(Font newFont, Font sourceFont,
Workbook targetWorkbook, Workbook sourceWorkbook) {
newFont.setBold(sourceFont.getBold());
newFont.setColor(sourceFont.getColor());
newFont.setFontHeight(sourceFont.getFontHeight());
newFont.setFontHeightInPoints(sourceFont.getFontHeightInPoints());
newFont.setFontName(sourceFont.getFontName());
newFont.setItalic(sourceFont.getItalic());
newFont.setStrikeout(sourceFont.getStrikeout());
newFont.setTypeOffset(sourceFont.getTypeOffset());
newFont.setUnderline(sourceFont.getUnderline());
newFont.setCharSet(sourceFont.getCharSet());
}
}
}批量执行即可。
执行效果为下：
