基于WPF实现打印机连接与打印功能

一、项目配置

创建WPF项目

csharp 复制代码

dotnet new wpf -n WpfPrinterDemo
cd WpfPrinterDemo

添加必要引用
- System.Printing（用于打印机管理）
- System.Windows.Controls（界面控件）

二、界面设计 (MainWindow.xaml)

csharp 复制代码

<Window x:Class="WpfPrinterDemo.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="打印机Demo" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Grid>
        <!-- 打印预览区域 -->
        <ScrollViewer VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" Margin="10">
            <FlowDocument x:Name="PrintDocument" 
                          PagePadding="20"
                          FontFamily="Arial"
                          FontSize="14">
                <Paragraph>
                    <Run Text="WPF打印机测试文档"/>
                    <LineBreak/>
                    <Bold>当前时间：</Bold>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Source={x:Static sys:DateTime.Now}, StringFormat='yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'}"/>
                </Paragraph>
            </FlowDocument>
        </ScrollViewer>

        <!-- 控制按钮 -->
        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Bottom" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="10">
            <Button Content="打印预览" Width="120" Margin="5" Click="PreviewPrint"/>
            <Button Content="直接打印" Width="120" Margin="5" Click="DirectPrint"/>
            <Button Content="选择打印机" Width="120" Margin="5" Click="SelectPrinter"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

三、核心代码实现 (MainWindow.xaml.cs)

csharp 复制代码

using System;
using System.Printing;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;

namespace WpfPrinterDemo
{
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private PrintDialog _printDialog;
        private PrintQueue _selectedPrinter;

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitializePrinter();
        }

        // 初始化打印机连接
        private void InitializePrinter()
        {
            _printDialog = new PrintDialog();
            _printDialog.PrintTicket.PageOrientation = PageOrientation.Portrait;
            _printDialog.PrintTicket.PageMediaSize = PageMediaSize.A4;
        }

        // 打印预览
        private void PreviewPrint(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (_printDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
            {
                _printDialog.PrintDocument(PrintDocument.DocumentPaginator, "WPF打印预览");
            }
        }

        // 直接打印
        private void DirectPrint(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (_selectedPrinter == null)
                    throw new Exception("请先选择打印机");

                var writer = PrintQueue.CreateXpsDocumentWriter(_selectedPrinter);
                writer.Write(PrintDocument);
                MessageBox.Show("打印任务已发送");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show($"打印失败: {ex.Message}");
            }
        }

        // 选择打印机
        private void SelectPrinter(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            var printServer = new PrintServer();
            var printers = printServer.GetPrintQueues();

            var dialog = new PrintDialog();
            dialog.PrintQueue = printers.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name.Contains("HP LaserJet")); // 示例选择HP打印机
            _selectedPrinter = dialog.PrintQueue;
        }
    }
}

四、关键功能说明

1. 打印设置配置

csharp 复制代码

// 设置打印参数
_printDialog.PrintTicket.PageOrientation = PageOrientation.Landscape; // 横向打印
_printDialog.PrintTicket.PageMediaSize = PageMediaSize.A5; // 纸张尺寸
_printDialog.PrintTicket.CopyCount = 2; // 打印份数

2. 打印内容生成

csharp 复制代码

// 动态添加内容
var paragraph = new Paragraph();
paragraph.Inlines.Add(new Run("动态添加的文本内容"));
PrintDocument.Blocks.Add(paragraph);

3. 打印机管理

csharp 复制代码

// 获取所有打印机
var printers = new PrintServer().GetPrintQueues();

// 筛选特定打印机
var targetPrinter = printers.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name.Contains("Zebra"));

参考代码 wpf连接打印机实例demo www.youwenfan.com/contentcsh/59183.html

五、高级功能扩展

1. 打印预览增强

csharp 复制代码

// 添加页眉页脚
PrintDocument.Header = new HeaderFooter {
    HeaderTemplate = (DataTemplate)XamlReader.Load(@"
        <DataTemplate>
            <TextBlock Text='机密文档' 
                       FontSize='16' 
                       HorizontalAlignment='Center'/>
        </DataTemplate>")
};

2. 图像打印支持

csharp 复制代码

// 添加图片到打印内容
var image = new Image {
    Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri("logo.png", UriKind.Relative)),
    Width = 200,
    Height = 100
};
PrintDocument.Blocks.Add(new Paragraph(image));

3. 打印队列监控

csharp 复制代码

// 监听打印状态
var printJob = _selectedPrinter.AddJob("TestJob");
printJob.Start();
printJob.End();

六、部署注意事项

权限配置
- 需要System.Printing程序集引用
- 在App.manifest中添加：
  csharp 复制代码
```
<requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
```
打印机驱动
- 确保目标打印机已安装正确驱动
- 测试环境推荐使用HP LaserJet系列

异常处理

csharp 复制代码

try
{
    // 打印操作
}
catch (PrintSystemException ex)
{
    Debug.WriteLine($"打印系统错误: {ex.Message}");
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
    Debug.WriteLine($"I/O错误: {ex.Message}");
}

七、测试用例

测试场景	预期结果
点击"打印预览"	弹出预览窗口显示正确内容
选择不存在打印机	弹出错误提示
连续打印10份	生成10个独立打印任务
打印特殊字符	正确显示Unicode字符

八、扩展应用场景

标签打印系统

csharp 复制代码

// Zebra打印机ZPL指令
string zplCode = "^XA^FO50,50^A0N,25,25^FDHello World^FS^XZ";
using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(zplCode)))
{
    _selectedPrinter.AddJob("LabelJob", stream, true);
}

多联单据打印

csharp 复制代码

// 设置多份副本
_printDialog.PrintTicket.CopyCount = 3;
_printDialog.PrintTicket.Duplexing = Duplexing.OneSided;