C++ 设计模式原理与实战大全-架构师必学课程 | 完结

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策略模式与装饰器模式：动态行为扩展的艺术

一、策略模式：算法的自由切换

策略模式通过一组策略类与决策者类，实现算法的动态替换。例如角色移动策略：

cpp
class MovementStrategy {
public:
    virtual void Move() = 0;
};
class WalkStrategy : public MovementStrategy {
public:
    void Move() override { std::cout << "Character is walking." << std::endl; }
};
class Character {
private:
    MovementStrategy* currentStrategy;
public:
    Character(MovementStrategy* strategy) : currentStrategy(strategy) {}
    void Move() { currentStrategy->Move(); }
    void SetStrategy(MovementStrategy* strategy) {
        currentStrategy = strategy;
    }
};

应用场景：游戏角色行为切换、排序算法选择。

二、装饰器模式：动态扩展功能

装饰器模式通过装饰器类动态包裹原始组件，实现功能的灵活组合。例如游戏渲染效果叠加：

cpp
class IRenderer {
public:
    virtual void Render() = 0;
};
class BaseRenderer : public IRenderer {
public:
    void Render() override { std::cout << "Base Rendering" << std::endl; }
};
class TextureDecorator : public IRenderer {
private:
    IRenderer* component;
public:
    TextureDecorator(IRenderer* c) : component(c) {}
    void Render() override {
        std::cout << "Applying Texture" << std::endl;
        component->Render();
    }
};

组合调用：

cpp
IRenderer* renderer = new TextureDecorator(new BaseRenderer());
renderer->Render(); // 输出 "Applying Texture" 后调用 BaseRenderer::Render()