一、实验环境
| 主机名 | IP地址 | 安装包 |
|---|---|---|
| ansible | 192.168.52.209/24 | epel-release、ansible |
| node1 | 192.168.52.210/24 | - |
| node2 | 192.168.52.197/24 | - |
二、实验步骤
安装ansible
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[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ansible
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@ansible ~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@ansible ~]# yum install ansible -y添加主机清单
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[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@ansible ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg hosts roles
[root@ansible ansible]# vim hosts
[webservers] ##添加到最后一行
192.168.52.209
192.168.52.197配置公私钥
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[root@ansible ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:LPYTI56Y4SDp+SC6GkYrMoXCx1PhftoIvs3AM6iwtc4 root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| . |
| . . |
| o |
|.o. o . |
|=oo=..+.S |
|+oBoo*== o |
|BB.*+oo.o |
|O*o.B . |
|BoEo o |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.52.210
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.52.210 (192.168.52.210)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nryK+/NCYC3BMKWWs5x2gbYTOXHh1XQfrA1hIak57bQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:b4:f5:03:a7:f0:2c:48:5e:c8:26:b0:eb:c2:c3:37:45.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.115.109's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.52.210'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.52.210
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.52.210 (192.168.52.210)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Nc4WQ6E4MwaQD/67ALzZ36hjNRigxQSUiDa2ZP5ZT+o.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:f7:33:08:60:92:d5:99:2c:9e:fe:47:5a:63:c8:e5:a8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.52.210's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.52.210'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.下载Nginx源码
使用get_url模块从Nginx官网下载源码包到目标主机的临时目录（如/tmp）。
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- name: download nginx
get_url:
url: "http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz" # 可替换为最新版本URL
dest: /tmp/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz # 指定下载路径此步骤确保源码包被安全下载
安装编译依赖包
使用yum模块安装必需的工具链，包括编译器（gcc）和库（openssl-devel、pcre-devel）。
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- name: install gcc and dependencies
yum:
name: "{{ packages }}"
state: present
vars:
packages:
- openssl-devel
- pcre-devel
- gcc解压源码包
使用shell模块解压下载的源码包到临时目录。
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- name: extract nginx tarball
shell: |
cd /tmp
tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz解压后源码位于/tmp/nginx-1.18.0
创建Nginx系统用户
为安全运行Nginx，使用user模块创建专用用户（无登录权限）
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- name: create nginx user
user:
name: nginx
state: present
shell: /sbin/nologin # 禁止登录编译并安装Nginx
使用shell模块执行configure、make和make install。此处添加常用编译选项（如状态模块）
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- name: compile and install nginx
shell: |
cd /tmp/nginx-1.18.0
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module # 启用状态监控
make
make install此步骤将Nginx安装到/usr/local/nginx
配置Systemd服务
创建systemd服务文件（确保Nginx开机自启），使用copy模块生成文件
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- name: create nginx systemd service
copy:
dest: /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service # 服务文件路径
content: |
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx # 启动命令
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target启用并启动Nginx服务
重载systemd配置，并启用服务。
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- name: reload systemd daemon
command: systemctl daemon-reload
become: yes # 需要root权限
- name: enable and start nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: started
enabled: yes三、创建playbook
创建剧本
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vim nginx.yaml添加
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- hosts: webservers # 目标主机组，需在Ansible清单中定义
become: yes # 使用root权限
tasks:
- name: download nginx
get_url:
url: "http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz"
dest: /tmp/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
- name: install gcc and dependencies
yum:
name: "{{ packages }}"
state: present
vars:
packages:
- openssl-devel
- pcre-devel
- gcc
- name: extract nginx tarball
shell: |
cd /tmp
tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
- name: create nginx user
user:
name: nginx
state: present
shell: /sbin/nologin
- name: compile and install nginx
shell: |
cd /tmp/nginx-1.18.0
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
make
make install
- name: create nginx systemd service
copy:
dest: /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
content: |
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
- name: reload systemd daemon
command: systemctl daemon-reload
- name: enable and start nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: started
enabled: yes运行剧本
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ansible-playbook nginx.yaml查看运行状态
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systemctl status nginx