大模型应用python+Java后端+Vue前端的整合

A尘埃2025-11-15 22:06

后端：使用Java作为主后端语言，处理业务逻辑、用户认证、数据持久化等。

大模型服务：使用Python编写，通过Flask或FastAPI等框架提供HTTP API。

  • 提供API接口

前端：使用Vue.js或React等框架，这里我们选择Vue.js作为前端框架。

  • 实现用户界面

通信：前端通过HTTP请求与Java后端交互，Java后端在需要调用大模型时，通过HTTP客户端调用Python服务。

项目架构

text 复制代码 
用户界面 (Vue.js) 
    |
    | HTTP (RESTful API)
    |
Java后端 (Spring Boot) 
    |
    | 内部HTTP调用
    |
Python大模型服务 (Flask/FastAPI)

AI核心代码

py 复制代码 
# ai-service/app/main.py
from fastapi import FastAPI,HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer,AutoModelForCausalLM
import logging
from typing import List,Optional
import asyncio
import json
import numpy as np
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

#配置日志
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

app = FastAPI(title="AI Model Service",version="1.0.0")

class ChatRequest(BaseModel):
	message:str
	conversation_id:Optional[str] = None
	max_length:int = 512
	temperature:float = 0.7

class ChatResponse(BaseModel):
	response:str
	conversation_id:str
	tokens_used:int
	processing_time:float
	
class EmbeddingRequest(BaseModel):
	texts:List[List[float]]
	model:str

class AIModelManager:
	def __init__(self):
		self.device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
		self.tokenizer = None
		self.model = None
		self.embedding_model = None
		self.load_models()

	def load_models(self):
		"""加载AI模型"""
		try:
			logger.info("Loading language model...")
			# 使用一个较小的模型示例，实际项目中替换为您的模型
			model_name = "microsoft/DialoGPT-medium"
			self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
			self.model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name)
			self.model.to(self.device)

			logger.info("Loading embedding model...")
			self.embedding_model = SentenceTransformer('all-MiniLM-L6-v2')

			logger.info("All models loaded successfully")
		except Exception as e:
			logger.error(f"Error loading models: {e}")
            raise

	async def generate_response(self, request: ChatRequest)-> ChatResponse:
		"""生成对话响应"""
		import time
		start_time = time.time()

		try:
			#编码输入
			inputs = self.tokenizer.encode(request.message + self.tokenizer.eos_token,return_tensors='pt')
			inputs = inputs.to(self.device)

			#生成响应
			with torch.no_grad():
				outputs = self.model.generate(
					inputs,
					max_length=request.max_length,
					temperature=request.temperature,
					pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.eos_token_id,
					do_sample=True
				)
			
			#解码响应
			response = self.tokenizer.decode(outputs[:,inputs.shape[-1]:][0],skip_special_tokens=True)
			processing_time = time.time() - start_time
			return ChatResponse(
				response=response,
                conversation_id=request.conversation_id or "default",
                tokens_used=len(outputs[0]),
                processing_time=processing_time
			)
		except Exception as e:
			logger.error(f"Error generating response: {e}")
            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
	
	async def get_embeddings(self, request: EmbeddingRequest)->EmbeddingResponse:
		"""获取文本嵌入向量"""
		try:
			embeddings = self.embedding_model.encode(request.texts)
            return EmbeddingResponse(
                embeddings=embeddings.tolist(),
                model="all-MiniLM-L6-v2"
            )
		except Exception as e:
			logger.error(f"Error generating embeddings: {e}")
            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))

#全局模型管理器
model_manager = AIModelManager()

@app.on_event("startup")
async def startup_event():
	"""应用启动时初始化模型"""
	await asyncio.sleep(1)# 给其他服务启动时间

@app.post("/chat",response_model=ChatResponse)
async def chat_endpoint(request:ChatRequest):
	"""对话接口"""
	return await model_manager.generate_response(request)

@app.post("/embeddings", response_model=EmbeddingResponse)
async def embeddings_endpoint(request:EmbeddingRequest):
	"""嵌入向量接口"""
    return await model_manager.get_embeddings(request)

@app.get("/health")
async def health_check():
    """健康检查"""
    return {"status": "healthy", "models_loaded": model_manager.model is not None}

if __name__ == "__main__":
	import unicorn
	uvicorn.run(app,host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

AI服务依赖文件

python 复制代码 
# ai-service/requirements.txt
fastapi==0.104.1
uvicorn==0.24.0
torch==2.1.0
transformers==4.35.0
sentence-transformers==2.2.2
numpy==1.24.3
pydantic==2.4.2
python-multipart==0.0.6

AI服务Dockerfile

dockerfile 复制代码 
# ai-service/Dockerfile
FROM python:3.9-slim

WORKDIR /app

# 安装系统依赖
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    gcc \
    g++ \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 复制依赖文件
COPY requirements.txt .

# 安装Python依赖
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# 复制应用代码
COPY . .

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8000

# 启动命令
CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

Java后端服务实现

xml 复制代码 
<!-- backend/pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.5</version>
    </parent>
    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>ai-backend</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.33</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>
yml 复制代码 
# backend/src/main/resources/application.yml
server:
  port: 8080
  servlet:
    context-path: /

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/ai_db?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: password
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
    properties:
      hibernate:
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
  
  redis:
    host: redis
    port: 6379
    timeout: 2000

ai:
  service:
    url: http://ai-service:8000

logging:
  level:
    com.example.ai: DEBUG

AI服务客户端

java 复制代码 
// backend/src/main/java/com/example/ai/service/AIServiceClient.java
package com.example.ai.service;

import com.example.ai.model.ChatRequest;
import com.example.ai.model.ChatResponse;
import com.example.ai.model.EmbeddingRequest;
import com.example.ai.model.EmbeddingResponse;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class AIServiceClient {
    
    private final RestTemplate restTemplate;
	
	@Value("${ai.service.url:http://ai-service:8000}")
	private String aiServiceUrl;

	public AIServiceClient(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
        this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
    }

	public ChatResponse chat(ChatRequest request){
		String url = aiServiceUrl + "/chat";

		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
		headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

		HttpEntity<ChatRequest> entity = new HttpEntity<>(request, headers);
		ResponseEntity<ChatResponse> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(
            url, entity, ChatResponse.class);

		return response.getBody();
	}

	public EmbeddingResponse getEmbeddings(List<String> texts){
		String url = aiServiceUrl + "/embeddings";
        
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        
        EmbeddingRequest request = new EmbeddingRequest(texts);
        HttpEntity<EmbeddingRequest> entity = new HttpEntity<>(request, headers);
        
        ResponseEntity<EmbeddingResponse> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(
            url, entity, EmbeddingResponse.class);
        
        return response.getBody();
	}

	public boolean healthCheck() {
        try {
            String url = aiServiceUrl + "/health";
            ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);
            return response.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

数据模型

java 复制代码 
// backend/src/main/java/com/example/ai/model/ChatRequest.java
package com.example.ai.model;

import lombok.Data;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;

@Data
public class ChatRequest {
    @NotBlank(message = "消息不能为空")
    private String message;
    
    private String conversationId;
    private Integer maxLength = 512;
    private Double temperature = 0.7;
}

// backend/src/main/java/com/example/ai/model/ChatResponse.java
package com.example.ai.model;

import lombok.Data;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Data
public class ChatResponse {
    private String response;
    private String conversationId;
    private Integer tokensUsed;
    private Double processingTime;
    private LocalDateTime timestamp;
}

// backend/src/main/java/com/example/ai/model/EmbeddingRequest.java
package com.example.ai.model;

import lombok.Data;
import java.util.List;

@Data
public class EmbeddingRequest {
    private List<String> texts;
    
    public EmbeddingRequest(List<String> texts) {
        this.texts = texts;
    }
}

// backend/src/main/java/com/example/ai/model/EmbeddingResponse.java
package com.example.ai.model;

import lombok.Data;
import java.util.List;

@Data
public class EmbeddingResponse {
    private List<List<Double>> embeddings;
    private String model;
}
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