Android开发(Kotlin) ViewModel基本用法

来来走走2025-11-21 16:41

ViewModel基本用法

创建viewmodel

kotlin 复制代码

class MyViewModel: ViewModel() {
}

实现一个计数器

kotlin 复制代码

class MyViewModel : ViewModel() {


    var count = 0
}

在activity使用ViewModel，获取ViewModel的实例需要通过ViewModelProvider。点击按钮一次计数器加1

kotlin 复制代码

  override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        enableEdgeToEdge()
        binding = ActivityClickBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)

        viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this).get(MyViewModel::class.java)

        binding.clickButC.setOnClickListener {

            viewModel.count++
            refreshCount()

        }
        refreshCount()
    }

    private fun refreshCount() {

        binding.clickTvText.text = viewModel.count.toString()
    }

旋转屏幕后，计数器的数据仍然存在

向ViewModel传递参数

改进上面的例子，保证退出程序后，重新打开，数据任然存在。

修改viewmodel

kotlin 复制代码

class MyViewModel(counter: Int) : ViewModel() {


    var count = counter
}

counter记录之前保存的值

创建ViewModelProvider.Factory ，向MyViewModel的构造函数传递数据。添加构造函数，重写create方法，

kotlin 复制代码

class MyViewModelFactory(private val counter: Int) : ViewModelProvider.Factory {


    override fun <T : ViewModel> create(modelClass: Class<T>): T {
        return MyViewModel(counter) as T
    }

}

修改activity

kotlin 复制代码

class ClickActivity : ComponentActivity() {


    lateinit var viewModel: MyViewModel
    lateinit var binding:ActivityClickBinding
    lateinit var sp: SharedPreferences

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        enableEdgeToEdge()
        binding = ActivityClickBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)

        sp = getSharedPreferences("data",MODE_PRIVATE)
        val countSp = sp.getInt("count",0)

        viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this, MyViewModelFactory(countSp)).get(MyViewModel::class.java)
        binding.clickButC.setOnClickListener {

            viewModel.count++
            refreshCount()
        }
        refreshCount()
    }

    private fun refreshCount() {

        binding.clickTvText.text = viewModel.count.toString()
    }

    override fun onPause() {
        super.onPause()
        sp.edit{

            putInt("count",viewModel.count)
        }
    }

}