数据表介绍
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1.学⽣表 Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
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SId 学⽣编号
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Sname 学⽣姓名
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Sage 出⽣年⽉
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Ssex 学⽣性别
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2.课程表 Course(CId,Cname,TId)
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CId 课程编号
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Cname 课程名称
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TId 教师编号
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3.教师表 Teacher(TId,Tname)
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TId 教师编号
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Tname 教师姓名
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4.成绩表 SC(SId,CId,score)
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SId 学⽣编号
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CId 课程编号
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score 分数
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建表语句
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学⽣表 Student
create table Student( SId varchar(10), Sname varchar(10), Sage datetime, Ssex varchar(10) ); -
课程表 Course
create table Course( CId varchar(10), Cname nvarchar(10), TId varchar(10) ); -
教师表 Teacher
create table Teacher( TId varchar(10), Tname varchar(10) ); -
成绩表 SC
create table SC( SId varchar(10), CId varchar(10), score decimal(18,1) );
插入数据
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学⽣表 Student
-- 学生表 Student insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男'); insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男'); insert into Student values('03' , '孙⻛' , '1990-12-20' , '男'); insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男'); insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '⼥'); insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '⼥'); insert into Student values('07' , '郑⽵' , '1989-01-01' , '⼥'); insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '⼥'); insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '⼥'); insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '⼥'); insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '⼥'); insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '⼥'); -
课程表 Course
-- 科⽬表 Course insert into Course values('01' , '语⽂' , '02'); insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01'); insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03'); -
教师表 Teacher
-- 教师表 Teacher insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三'); insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四'); insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五'); -
成绩表 SC
-- 成绩表 SC insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80); insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90); insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99); insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70); insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60); insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80); insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80); insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80); insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80); insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50); insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30); insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20); insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76); insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87); insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31); insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34); insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89); insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);
1. 查询 "01" 课程比 "02" 课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
sql
-- 步骤:先分别查询01和02课程成绩,再关联比较
SELECT s.*, sc1.score AS '01课程分数', sc2.score AS '02课程分数'
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc1 ON s.SId = sc1.SId AND sc1.CId = '01'
JOIN SC sc2 ON s.SId = sc2.SId AND sc2.CId = '02'
WHERE sc1.score > sc2.score;
2. 查询同时存在 "01" 课程和 "02" 课程的情况
sql
-- 方法1:关联查询
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname, sc1.score AS '01课程', sc2.score AS '02课程'
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc1 ON s.SId = sc1.SId AND sc1.CId = '01'
JOIN SC sc2 ON s.SId = sc2.SId AND sc2.CId = '02';
-- 方法2:分组筛选
SELECT SId
FROM SC
WHERE CId IN ('01', '02')
GROUP BY SId
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT CId) = 2;
3. 查询存在 "01" 课程但可能不存在 "02" 课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null)
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname, sc1.score AS '01课程', sc2.score AS '02课程'
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc1 ON s.SId = sc1.SId AND sc1.CId = '01'
LEFT JOIN SC sc2 ON s.SId = sc2.SId AND sc2.CId = '02';
4. 查询不存在 "01" 课程但存在 "02" 课程的情况
sql
SELECT s.*, sc2.score AS '02课程分数'
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc2 ON s.SId = sc2.SId AND sc2.CId = '02'
WHERE s.SId NOT IN (SELECT SId FROM SC WHERE CId = '01');
5. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、姓名和平均成绩
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname, ROUND(AVG(sc.score), 1) AS 平均成绩
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
HAVING AVG(sc.score) >= 60;
6. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
sql
-- 方法1:DISTINCT去重
SELECT DISTINCT s.*
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId;
-- 方法2:IN子查询
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE SId IN (SELECT DISTINCT SId FROM SC);
7. 查询所有同学的学生编号、姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩显示为 null)
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname,
COUNT(sc.CId) AS 选课总数,
SUM(sc.score) AS 总成绩
FROM Student s
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname;
8. 查询「李」姓老师的数量
sql
SELECT COUNT(*) AS 李姓老师数量
FROM Teacher
WHERE Tname LIKE '李%';
9. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
sql
-- 步骤:先找到张三老师的课程,再关联成绩表和学生表
SELECT DISTINCT s.*
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
JOIN Course c ON sc.CId = c.CId
JOIN Teacher t ON c.TId = t.TId
WHERE t.Tname = '张三';
10. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
sql
-- 步骤:先统计总课程数,再筛选选课数不足的学生
SELECT s.*
FROM Student s
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT sc.CId) < (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Course);
11. 查询至少有一门课与学号为 "01" 的同学所学相同的同学的信息
sql
SELECT DISTINCT s.*
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
WHERE sc.CId IN (SELECT CId FROM SC WHERE SId = '01')
AND s.SId != '01'; -- 排除01号学生自身
12. 查询和 "01" 号同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
sql
-- 步骤:1. 获取01号课程列表 2. 筛选选课数相同且课程完全匹配的学生
SELECT s.*
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
WHERE s.SId != '01'
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT sc.CId) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SC WHERE SId = '01')
AND GROUP_CONCAT(sc.CId ORDER BY sc.CId) = (SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(CId ORDER BY CId) FROM SC WHERE SId = '01');
13. 查询没学过 "张三" 老师讲授的任一课程的学生姓名
sql
-- 步骤:先找到张三老师的课程,再筛选未选这些课程的学生
SELECT s.Sname
FROM Student s
WHERE s.SId NOT IN (
SELECT DISTINCT sc.SId
FROM SC sc
JOIN Course c ON sc.CId = c.CId
JOIN Teacher t ON c.TId = t.TId
WHERE t.Tname = '张三'
);
14. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号、姓名及其平均成绩
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname, ROUND(AVG(sc_all.score), 1) AS 平均成绩
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc_fail ON s.SId = sc_fail.SId AND sc_fail.score < 60
JOIN SC sc_all ON s.SId = sc_all.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT sc_fail.CId) >= 2;
15. 检索 "01" 课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
sql
SELECT s.*, sc.score
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
WHERE sc.CId = '01' AND sc.score < 60
ORDER BY sc.score DESC;
16. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
sql
-- 步骤:先计算每个学生的平均成绩,再关联所有课程成绩
SELECT
s.SId, s.Sname,
MAX(CASE WHEN sc.CId = '01' THEN sc.score ELSE NULL END) AS 语文,
MAX(CASE WHEN sc.CId = '02' THEN sc.score ELSE NULL END) AS 数学,
MAX(CASE WHEN sc.CId = '03' THEN sc.score ELSE NULL END) AS 英语,
ROUND(AVG(sc.score), 1) AS 平均成绩
FROM Student s
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
ORDER BY 平均成绩 DESC;
17. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分(含及格率 / 中等率 / 优良率 / 优秀率)
sql
SELECT
c.CId, c.Cname,
COUNT(sc.SId) AS 选修人数,
MAX(sc.score) AS 最高分,
MIN(sc.score) AS 最低分,
ROUND(AVG(sc.score), 1) AS 平均分,
-- 及格率(>=60)
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS 及格率,
-- 中等率(70-80)
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 70 AND 80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS 中等率,
-- 优良率(80-90)
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 80 AND 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS 优良率,
-- 优秀率(>=90)
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score >= 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS 优秀率
FROM Course c
JOIN SC sc ON c.CId = sc.CId
GROUP BY c.CId, c.Cname
ORDER BY 选修人数 DESC, c.CId ASC;
18. 按各科平均成绩排序并显示排名(Score 重复时保留名次空缺)
sql
-- 使用RANK()函数(保留空缺)
SELECT
CId,
平均成绩,
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY 平均成绩 DESC) AS 排名
FROM (
SELECT CId, ROUND(AVG(score), 1) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY CId
) AS t;
19. 按各科平均成绩排序并显示排名(Score 重复时不保留名次空缺)
sql
-- 使用DENSE_RANK()函数(不保留空缺)
SELECT
CId,
平均成绩,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY 平均成绩 DESC) AS 排名
FROM (
SELECT CId, ROUND(AVG(score), 1) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY CId
) AS t;
20. 查询学生的总成绩并排名(总分重复保留名次空缺)
sql
SELECT
s.SId, s.Sname,
IFNULL(SUM(sc.score), 0) AS 总成绩,
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY IFNULL(SUM(sc.score), 0) DESC) AS 排名
FROM Student s
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname;
21. 查询学生的总成绩并排名(总分重复不保留名次空缺)
sql
SELECT
s.SId, s.Sname,
IFNULL(SUM(sc.score), 0) AS 总成绩,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY IFNULL(SUM(sc.score), 0) DESC) AS 排名
FROM Student s
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname;
22. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数及百分比
sql
SELECT
c.CId, c.Cname,
-- [100-85]
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '100-85人数',
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS '100-85百分比',
-- [85-70]
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '85-70人数',
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS '85-70百分比',
-- [70-60]
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '70-60人数',
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS '70-60百分比',
-- [60-0]
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '60-0人数',
ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(sc.SId)*100, 1) AS '60-0百分比'
FROM Course c
JOIN SC sc ON c.CId = sc.CId
GROUP BY c.CId, c.Cname;
23. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录
sql
-- 方法:使用窗口函数ROW_NUMBER()
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT
sc.SId, sc.CId, sc.score,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY sc.CId ORDER BY sc.score DESC) AS 排名
FROM SC sc
) AS t
WHERE 排名 <= 3;
24. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
sql
SELECT c.CId, c.Cname, COUNT(DISTINCT sc.SId) AS 选修人数
FROM Course c
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON c.CId = sc.CId
GROUP BY c.CId, c.Cname;
25. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT sc.CId) = 2;
26. 查询男生、女生人数
sql
SELECT Ssex AS 性别, COUNT(*) AS 人数
FROM Student
GROUP BY Ssex;
27. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
sql
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE Sname LIKE '%风%';
28. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
sql
SELECT Sname, Ssex, COUNT(*) AS 同名人数
FROM Student
GROUP BY Sname, Ssex
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
29. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
sql
-- 方法1:YEAR函数
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE YEAR(Sage) = 1990;
-- 方法2:LIKE匹配
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE Sage LIKE '1990%';
30. 查询每门课程的平均成绩(降序,平均成绩相同按课程号升序)
sql
SELECT c.CId, c.Cname, ROUND(AVG(sc.score), 1) AS 平均成绩
FROM Course c
JOIN SC sc ON c.CId = sc.CId
GROUP BY c.CId, c.Cname
ORDER BY 平均成绩 DESC, c.CId ASC;
31. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname, ROUND(AVG(sc.score), 1) AS 平均成绩
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
HAVING AVG(sc.score) >= 85;
32. 查询课程名称为「数学」且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
sql
SELECT s.Sname, sc.score
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
JOIN Course c ON sc.CId = c.CId
WHERE c.Cname = '数学' AND sc.score < 60;
33. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(含没成绩 / 没选课的情况)
sql
-- 笛卡尔积生成所有学生-课程组合,再左连接成绩
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname, c.Cname, sc.score
FROM Student s
CROSS JOIN Course c
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId AND c.CId = sc.CId
ORDER BY s.SId, c.CId;
34. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
sql
SELECT DISTINCT s.Sname, c.Cname, sc.score
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId AND sc.score > 70
JOIN Course c ON sc.CId = c.CId;
35. 查询不及格的课程
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname, c.Cname, sc.score
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId AND sc.score < 60
JOIN Course c ON sc.CId = c.CId;
36. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
sql
SELECT s.SId, s.Sname
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
WHERE sc.CId = '01' AND sc.score > 80;
37. 求每门课程的学生人数
sql
-- 同24题,重复题目
SELECT c.CId, c.Cname, COUNT(DISTINCT sc.SId) AS 学生人数
FROM Course c
LEFT JOIN SC sc ON c.CId = sc.CId
GROUP BY c.CId, c.Cname;
38. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
sql
-- 步骤:先找到张三老师的课程,再筛选最高分(无重复)
SELECT s.*, sc.score, c.Cname
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
JOIN Course c ON sc.CId = c.CId
JOIN Teacher t ON c.TId = t.TId
WHERE t.Tname = '张三'
AND sc.score = (
SELECT MAX(score)
FROM SC sc2
JOIN Course c2 ON sc2.CId = c2.CId
JOIN Teacher t2 ON c2.TId = t2.TId
WHERE t2.Tname = '张三'
);
39. 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
sql
-- 方法:使用窗口函数
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT
s.*, sc.score, c.Cname,
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY sc.score DESC) AS 排名
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
JOIN Course c ON sc.CId = c.CId
JOIN Teacher t ON c.TId = t.TId
WHERE t.Tname = '张三'
) AS t
WHERE 排名 = 1;
40. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
sql
SELECT DISTINCT sc1.SId, sc1.CId, sc1.score
FROM SC sc1
JOIN SC sc2 ON sc1.SId = sc2.SId
AND sc1.CId != sc2.CId
AND sc1.score = sc2.score
ORDER BY sc1.score;
41. 查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
sql
-- 同23题(前三名),调整为前两名
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT
sc.SId, sc.CId, sc.score,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY sc.CId ORDER BY sc.score DESC) AS 排名
FROM SC sc
) AS t
WHERE 排名 <= 2;
42. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
sql
SELECT c.CId, c.Cname, COUNT(DISTINCT sc.SId) AS 选修人数
FROM Course c
JOIN SC sc ON c.CId = sc.CId
GROUP BY c.CId, c.Cname
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT sc.SId) > 5;
43. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
sql
SELECT SId
FROM SC
GROUP BY SId
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT CId) >= 2;
44. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
sql
SELECT s.*
FROM Student s
JOIN SC sc ON s.SId = sc.SId
GROUP BY s.SId, s.Sname
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT sc.CId) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Course);
45. 查询各学生的年龄(只按年份来算)
sql
SELECT SId, Sname, YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(Sage) AS 年龄
FROM Student;
46. 按出生日期算年龄(当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则年龄减一)
sql
SELECT
SId, Sname,
YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(Sage) -
CASE WHEN DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%m%d') < DATE_FORMAT(Sage, '%m%d')
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS 实际年龄
FROM Student;
47. 查询本周过生日的学生
sql
-- MySQL中WEEKOFYEAR函数:本周(1-53)
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE WEEKOFYEAR(Sage) = WEEKOFYEAR(NOW());
48. 查询下周过生日的学生
sql
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE WEEKOFYEAR(Sage) = WEEKOFYEAR(NOW()) + 1;
49. 查询本月过生日的学生
sql
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE MONTH(Sage) = MONTH(NOW());
50. 查询下月过生日的学生
sql
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE MONTH(Sage) = MONTH(NOW()) + 1;
补充说明
- 所有 SQL 基于 MySQL 8.0 + 语法(支持窗口函数:RANK ()/DENSE_RANK ()/ROW_NUMBER ());
- 涉及日期计算的函数(YEAR/MONTH/WEEKOFYEAR)为 MySQL 特有,其他数据库(如 Oracle/SQL Server)需调整;
- 百分比计算中使用
ROUND(...,1)保留 1 位小数,可根据需求调整; - 左连接(LEFT JOIN)确保无成绩 / 无选课的学生也能显示,符合题目要求。