长难句分析
英语
每日一句
Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt" phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards. (2020, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
词汇
pool: n. 贮备力量，备用人员；水池
qualified: adj. 具备......资历的；有资格的，胜任的
qualify: v. 取得资格，有资格；证明合格
phenomenon: n. 现象
scoop up: 用勺舀，挖空（文中指"占据"）
multiple: adj. 多个的，多种的
a variety of...: 各种各样的......
第一步：找谓语
Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt" phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.
第二步：断句
原句中存在3处谓语，包含3件事，其谓语分别位于以下位置：
- notes 为主句谓语
- has led 为 that 引导的宾语从句谓语
- scoop 为 where 引导的定语从句谓语
按照标点、引导词以及谓语，可以将原句断开为以下分句：
- Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes ------ 主句
- that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt" phenomenon, ------ 宾语从句
- where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards. ------ 定语从句
第三步：简化
主句
Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes
- 主句主语部分：Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee
- 非谓语动词词组：Writing in The New Republic 为伴随状语，修饰句子
- 非谓语动词：writing 为现在分词，表示主动
- 介词短语：in The New Republic 为地点状语，修饰非谓语动词：writing，说明动作发生的地点
- 人名：Alice Lee 为主句主语核心
- 非谓语动词词组：Writing in The New Republic 为伴随状语，修饰句子
- 主句谓语部分：notes 为及物动词， 后接宾语
去掉主句扩展部分，就得到了主句核心：
- ......, Alice Lee notes ------ ......，李爱丽丝记录到......
宾语从句
that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt" phenomenon,
- 从句引导词：that 引导宾语从句，作为动词：notes 的宾语，引导词在从句中不充当任何成分
- 从句主语部分：increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards
- 非谓语动词词组：increasing the number 为从句主语核心部分
- 现在分词：increasing 作名词，充当从句主语
- 定冠词：the 修饰名词：number
- 名词：number 为动名词：increasing 的宾语，属于主句主语核心部分
- 介词短语：of opportunities 为后置定语，修饰名词：number，说明其具体范围
- 介词短语：for board membership 为后置定语，修饰名词：opportunities ，解释说明其具体对象
- 介词短语：without increasing the pool 为伴随状语，修饰动名词：increasing，表示伴随
- 非谓语动词：increasing 为现在分词作名词，作为介词：without 的宾语
- 定冠词：the 修饰名词：pool
- 名词：pool 为动名词：increasing 的宾语
- 介词短语：of qualified women 为后置定语，修饰名词：pool ，解释说明其具体范围
- 非谓语动词词组：to serve on such boards 为后置定语，修饰名词：women，对其进行补充说明
- 介词短语：on such boards 为地点状语，修饰动词不定式：to serve ，说明动作发生的具体地点
- 非谓语动词词组：increasing the number 为从句主语核心部分
- 从句谓语部分：has led 为及物动词的现在完成时态
- 从句状语部分：to a "golden skirt" phenomenon, 为对象状语，修饰动词：has led 说明动作发生的具体对象
去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：
- that increasing ...... number ...... has led ...... ------ 增长的 ...... 数字 ...... 已经领导 ......
定语从句
where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.
- 从句引导词：where 引导定语从句，修饰名词词组：a "golden skirt" phenomenon，对其进行解释说明
- 从句主语部分：the same elite women
- 定冠词：the 修饰名词：women
- 形容词：same 修饰名词词组：elite women
- 名词：elite 为前置定语，修饰名词：women
- 名词：women 为从句主语核心词
- 从句谓语部分：scoop up
- 副词：up 修饰动词：scoop ，与其构成常用搭配，表示"占据"
- 从句宾语部分：multiple seats
- 形容词：multiple 修饰名词：seats
- 名词：seats 作为动词短语：scoop up 的宾语核心词
- 从句状语部分：on a variety of boards. 为地点状语，修饰从句，说明从句发生的具体点
- 名词：variety 为介词：on 的宾语
- 介词短语：of boards 为后置定语，修饰名词：variety，说明其具体范围
去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：
- where ...... women scoop ...... seats ......------ ...... 女人们占据 ...... 座位 ...... 的现象