单元测试、覆盖率测试-Springboot

测试Controller

Maven依赖

xml 复制代码

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

如果被测试的方法中使用了springSecurity框架，需要引入其依赖

xml 复制代码

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

测试类

找到需要测试的接口，快捷键【 ctrl+shift+t 】，创建测试类
创建测试类

此时便会在test下指定位置生成测试类，然后补全

java 复制代码

package com.ruoyi.project.ices.visualization.controller;

import com.ruoyi.RuoYiApplication;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j2;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.setup.SecurityMockMvcConfigurers.springSecurity;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;

//这里是Springboot启动类
@SpringBootTest(classes = RuoYiApplication.class)
@Log4j2
class DrivingControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    private HttpHeaders headers;

    private static final String baseUrl = "/hard/xxxxxx";
    private static final String TOKEN = "Bearer eyJhbGciOiJxxxxxxxxxxxxx";

		//下面全部方法测试执行前，都会先执行这里
    @BeforeEach
    public void init(){
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders
                .webAppContextSetup(wac)
                .apply(springSecurity())  // 关键：应用Spring Security配置
                .alwaysDo(print())  // 打印请求响应信息，便于调试
                .build();
        MultiValueMap<String, String> headerMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        headerMap.add( "Authorization", TOKEN);
        headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.addAll(headerMap);
    }

    @SneakyThrows
    @Test
    void siteLocationList() {
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(baseUrl+ "/xxxxxxxx")
                .headers(headers)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andReturn();
        String contentAsString = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        log.info(contentAsString);

    }
}

执行覆盖率测试
此时控制台查看日志
右侧覆盖率测试
如果要测试其他类型的方法

如果要在请求体中传参数：

java 复制代码

@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper; // JSON序列化
@SneakyThrows
@Test
void edit() {
    // 创建请求体（Map方式）
    Map<String, Object> requestBody = new HashMap<>();
    requestBody.put("id", "xxxxxxxx-a500-4d7d-8c08-088339e6d2c5");
    requestBody.put("remark", "测试修改内容");
    // 转换为JSON字符串
    String requestBodyJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(requestBody);
    MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(baseUrl)
            .headers(headers)
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .content(requestBodyJson))  //设置请求体
            .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
            .andReturn();
    String contentAsString = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    log.info(contentAsString);
}

白盒、单元测试service

Maven依赖

xml 复制代码

<!-- JUnit 5 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Mockito -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
    <version>${mockito.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

测试类

和测试接口一样，创建测试类

java 复制代码

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@Slf4j
@ExtendWith(
MockitoExtension.class)  // JUnit 5 集成 Mockito
public class XXXXTest {
	//被测试service
    @InjectMocks
    private TestServiceImpl testService;
	
	//被Mock注解修饰的类，在测试方法中执行时，可以设置为代码桩
    @Mock
    private TestMapper testMapper;

	//测试方法传入的参数
	private TestVO query;
	//桩方法返回的结果
	private MockVO mockVO;
	
	@BeforeEach
	public void init(){
		// 这里会在每个方法执行之前执行
		//在这里初始化测试方法的参数
		query = new TestVO();
	
		//设置桩方法返回的结果
		mockVO = new MockVO();
		mockVO.setId(156l);
	}
	
	@Test
	@DisplayName("测试xx功能 - 正常情况")
	void test() {
	
	//模拟mapper的行为，在下面testService测试方法执行时，testMapper.selectTetsVO(mockVO)无论如何，都会返回thenReturn中的mockVO。
	when(testMapper.selectTetsVO(any(MockVO.class)))
                .thenReturn(mockVO );
	
	//执行测试方法
	String result = testService.test方法(query)

	log.info(result);

	// 验证，可以验证很多，这里仅验证了非空
	assertNotNull(result);
  
}

Mock不是必须有的，关键看被测试的方法中是否用到了这个方法，而且这个方法的结果是否需要被忽略。
- 因为很多测试方法，只关心业务逻辑是否正常。
执行覆盖率测试，即可得到和接口测试一样的结果