使用logging模块追溯PyQt5程序中的错误。总结了一下经验，特此写这篇文章。2025年12月29日。这些测试用的代码在保存于我的电脑的路径：D:\My Program\python基础类\logging_study\梳理定位错误日志功能\梳理第1个聊天记录。
第一节 测试运行这些代码配置文件
一、logging.conf
python
[loggers]
keys=root,applog
[handlers]
keys=consoleHandler,fileHandler
[formatters]
keys=simpleFormatter
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=consoleHandler
[logger_applog]
level=DEBUG
handlers=consoleHandler,fileHandler
qualname=applog
propagate=0
[handler_consoleHandler]
class=StreamHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=simpleFormatter
args=(sys.stdout,)
[handler_fileHandler]
class=handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=simpleFormatter
args=('applog.log', 'midnight',1,0) # 文件名称
[formatter_simpleFormatter]
format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s
datefmt=%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S二、func_A.py
python
import func_B
def testA():
func_B.testB()
def testA1():
func_B.testB1()
def testA2(name,num):
func_B.testB2(name,num)三、func_B.py
python
import time
import gevent
def testB():
print("调用")
1/0
time.sleep(1)
def testB1():
print("调用")
print(1 / 0)
time.sleep(1)
def testB2(name, num):
for i in range(num):
print(f"~~~携程~~~{name}~~~{i}~~~")
if i == 8:
# 直接抛出异常
print(1 / 0)
gevent.sleep(1)第二节 PyQt5特殊的异常捕获机制
这个try-except块只能捕获应用程序初始化阶段发生的异常（例如创建QApplication或MainWindow时出现的错误）。一旦进入Qt的事件循环（app.exec_()），所有在事件处理函数（如按钮点击）中发生的异常都会被Qt的事件循环捕获，而不会传播到这个外部的except块。对应文件名：first_01.py
python
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QDialog, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QMessageBox
)
import logging.config
"""
这份deepseek聊天记录的链接：
https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/c86d4484-9fd6-4ff0-8acd-7648c1b7fe0b
"""
"""
提示问题：本代码的问题：日志无法追踪PyQt5报错的位置，PyQt5有错误，直接崩溃，不而追踪
问题原因：
1.异常捕获范围不足：
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
logger.exception(e)
这个try-except块只能捕获应用程序初始化阶段发生的异常（例如创建QApplication或MainWindow时出现的错误）。
一旦进入Qt的事件循环（app.exec_()），所有在事件处理函数（如按钮点击）中发生的异常都会被Qt的事件循环捕获，而
不会传播到这个外部的except块。
2.Qt的事件处理机制：
当您点击按钮五时，会触发on_button5_clicked方法
该方法中的x=1/0会引发ZeroDivisionError
这个异常会被Qt的事件循环捕获，导致：
程序崩溃（显示Python错误信息）
异常不会传播到主线程的try-except块
因此logger.exception(e)永远不会执行
"""
class CustomDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("功能对话框")
self.setMinimumSize(300, 150)
# 创建主布局
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 添加标签
main_layout.addWidget(QLabel("请选择要执行的操作:"))
# 创建按钮布局
button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 创建两个功能按钮
self.btn_action1 = QPushButton("模拟功能一")
self.btn_action2 = QPushButton("模拟功能二")
self.btn_action1.clicked.connect(self.perform_action1)
self.btn_action2.clicked.connect(self.perform_action2)
# 将按钮添加到按钮布局
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action1)
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action2)
# 将按钮布局添加到主布局
main_layout.addLayout(button_layout)
# 设置对话框布局
self.setLayout(main_layout)
def perform_action1(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "功能一", "执行了模拟功能一：数据备份完成！")
def perform_action2(self):
QMessageBox.warning(self, "功能二", "执行了模拟功能二：系统清理完成！")
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("垂直布局按钮示例")
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
# 创建中央部件
central_widget = QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
# 创建垂直布局
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 创建6个按钮并连接到不同的槽函数
self.button1 = QPushButton("按钮一")
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.on_button1_clicked)
self.button2 = QPushButton("按钮二")
self.button2.clicked.connect(self.on_button2_clicked)
self.button3 = QPushButton("按钮三")
self.button3.clicked.connect(self.on_button3_clicked)
self.button4 = QPushButton("按钮四")
self.button4.clicked.connect(self.on_button4_clicked)
self.button5 = QPushButton("按钮五")
self.button5.clicked.connect(self.on_button5_clicked)
self.button6 = QPushButton("打开对话框")
self.button6.clicked.connect(self.on_button6_clicked)
# 将按钮添加到布局
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
layout.addWidget(self.button5)
layout.addWidget(self.button6)
# 添加拉伸因子使按钮在顶部显示
layout.addStretch(1)
# 设置中央部件的布局
central_widget.setLayout(layout)
def on_button1_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮一", "按钮一被点击：执行功能A")
def on_button2_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮二", "按钮二被点击：执行功能B")
def on_button3_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮三", "按钮三被点击：执行功能C")
def on_button4_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮四", "按钮四被点击：执行功能D")
def on_button5_clicked(self):
x=1/0
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮五", "按钮五被点击：执行功能E")
def on_button6_clicked(self):
dialog = CustomDialog(self)
dialog.exec_()
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.config.fileConfig("../logging.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
logger.exception(e)第三节 全局钩子
为了解决上一个代码中，PyQt5中异常机制问题，特用全局钩子解决这个问题。对应文件名：
second_02_为方便提问将MainWindow代码全部复制了进来.py
python
import sys
import traceback
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QDialog, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QMessageBox
)
import logging.config
"""
解释全局钩子sys.excepthook = global_exception_hook的链接
https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/0aedf6ed-e82f-4e9a-9dec-7be1807e782a
"""
def global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""全局异常处理函数"""
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
error_msg = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback))
logger.error(f"全局异常捕获:\n{error_msg}")
# 创建临时QApplication实例（如果不存在）
app = QApplication.instance() or QApplication(sys.argv)
# 显示错误提示
QMessageBox.critical(
None,
"系统错误",
f"发生未预期的错误: {exc_value}\n\n详细信息已记录到日志文件。"
)
# 对于致命错误，退出应用
if not isinstance(exc_value, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
sys.exit(1)
# 设置全局异常钩子
sys.excepthook = global_exception_hook
class CustomDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("功能对话框")
self.setMinimumSize(300, 150)
# 创建主布局
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 添加标签
main_layout.addWidget(QLabel("请选择要执行的操作:"))
# 创建按钮布局
button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 创建两个功能按钮
self.btn_action1 = QPushButton("模拟功能一")
self.btn_action2 = QPushButton("模拟功能二")
self.btn_action1.clicked.connect(self.perform_action1)
self.btn_action2.clicked.connect(self.perform_action2)
# 将按钮添加到按钮布局
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action1)
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action2)
# 将按钮布局添加到主布局
main_layout.addLayout(button_layout)
# 设置对话框布局
self.setLayout(main_layout)
def perform_action1(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "功能一", "执行了模拟功能一：数据备份完成！")
def perform_action2(self):
QMessageBox.warning(self, "功能二", "执行了模拟功能二：系统清理完成！")
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("垂直布局按钮示例")
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
# 创建中央部件
central_widget = QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
# 创建垂直布局
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 创建6个按钮并连接到不同的槽函数
self.button1 = QPushButton("按钮一")
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.on_button1_clicked)
self.button2 = QPushButton("按钮二")
self.button2.clicked.connect(self.on_button2_clicked)
self.button3 = QPushButton("按钮三")
self.button3.clicked.connect(self.on_button3_clicked)
self.button4 = QPushButton("按钮四")
self.button4.clicked.connect(self.on_button4_clicked)
self.button5 = QPushButton("按钮五")
self.button5.clicked.connect(self.on_button5_clicked)
self.button6 = QPushButton("打开对话框")
self.button6.clicked.connect(self.on_button6_clicked)
# 将按钮添加到布局
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
layout.addWidget(self.button5)
layout.addWidget(self.button6)
# 添加拉伸因子使按钮在顶部显示
layout.addStretch(1)
# 设置中央部件的布局
central_widget.setLayout(layout)
def on_button1_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮一", "按钮一被点击：执行功能A")
def on_button2_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮二", "按钮二被点击：执行功能B")
def on_button3_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮三", "按钮三被点击：执行功能C")
def on_button4_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮四", "按钮四被点击：执行功能D")
def on_button5_clicked(self):
x=1/0
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮五", "按钮五被点击：执行功能E")
def on_button6_clicked(self):
dialog = CustomDialog(self)
dialog.exec_()
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.config.fileConfig("logging.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
# 处理初始化阶段的异常
logger.exception("应用程序初始化错误")
QMessageBox.critical(None, "启动错误", f"应用程序启动失败: {e}")
sys.exit(1)第四节 无法捕获线程中的异常
有了全局钩子，为何运程程序时，未追踪到线程的异常？下面是说明这个问题的示例代码。对应文件名：third_03.py
python
import sys
import threading
import time
import traceback
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QDialog, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QMessageBox
)
import logging.config
import func_A
"""
为何运程程序时，未追踪到线程的异常？
"""
def global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""全局异常处理函数"""
# 确保日志系统已初始化
if not logging.getLogger("applog").hasHandlers():
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
error_msg = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback))
logger.error(f"全局异常捕获:\n{error_msg}")
# 创建临时QApplication实例（如果不存在）
app = QApplication.instance()
if app is None:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# 显示错误提示
QMessageBox.critical(
None,
"系统错误",
f"发生未预期的错误: {exc_value}\n\n详细信息已记录到日志文件。"
)
# 对于致命错误，退出应用
if not isinstance(exc_value, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
sys.exit(1)
# 设置全局异常钩子
sys.excepthook = global_exception_hook
class CustomDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("功能对话框")
self.setMinimumSize(300, 150)
# 创建主布局
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 添加标签
main_layout.addWidget(QLabel("请选择要执行的操作:"))
# 创建按钮布局
button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 创建两个功能按钮
self.btn_action1 = QPushButton("模拟功能一")
self.btn_action2 = QPushButton("模拟功能二")
self.btn_action1.clicked.connect(self.perform_action1)
self.btn_action2.clicked.connect(self.perform_action2)
# 将按钮添加到按钮布局
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action1)
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action2)
# 将按钮布局添加到主布局
main_layout.addLayout(button_layout)
# 设置对话框布局
self.setLayout(main_layout)
def perform_action1(self):
x=eval("b")
QMessageBox.information(self, "功能一", "执行了模拟功能一：数据备份完成！")
def perform_action2(self):
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.warning(self, "功能二", "执行了模拟功能二：系统清理完成！")
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("垂直布局按钮示例")
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
t1=threading.Thread(target=self.thread_test)
t1.daemon=True
t1.start()
# 创建中央部件
central_widget = QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
# 创建垂直布局
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 创建6个按钮并连接到不同的槽函数
self.button1 = QPushButton("按钮一")
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.on_button1_clicked)
self.button2 = QPushButton("按钮二")
self.button2.clicked.connect(self.on_button2_clicked)
self.button3 = QPushButton("按钮三")
self.button3.clicked.connect(self.on_button3_clicked)
self.button4 = QPushButton("按钮四")
self.button4.clicked.connect(self.on_button4_clicked)
self.button5 = QPushButton("按钮五")
self.button5.clicked.connect(self.on_button5_clicked)
self.button6 = QPushButton("打开对话框")
self.button6.clicked.connect(self.on_button6_clicked)
# 将按钮添加到布局
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
layout.addWidget(self.button5)
layout.addWidget(self.button6)
# 添加拉伸因子使按钮在顶部显示
layout.addStretch(1)
# 设置中央部件的布局
central_widget.setLayout(layout)
def thread_test(self):
while True:
func_A.testA()
time.sleep(1)
def on_button1_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮一", "按钮一被点击：执行功能A")
def on_button2_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮二", "按钮二被点击：执行功能B")
def on_button3_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮三", "按钮三被点击：执行功能C")
def on_button4_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮四", "按钮四被点击：执行功能D")
def on_button5_clicked(self):
# 这里故意制造一个除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮五", "按钮五被点击：执行功能E")
def on_button6_clicked(self):
dialog = CustomDialog(self)
dialog.exec_()
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 配置日志系统
try:
logging.config.fileConfig("logging.conf")
except Exception as e:
# 如果配置文件不存在，创建基本配置
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
filename='app.log',
filemode='w'
)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
# 捕获应用程序初始化阶段的异常
logger.exception("应用程序初始化错误")
QMessageBox.critical(None, "启动错误", f"应用程序启动失败: {e}")
sys.exit(1)
# 其中，
# func_A代码如下：
# import func_B
# def testA():
# func_B.testB()
# func_B代码如下：
# def testB():
# print("调用")
# print(1/0)
# 为何运程程序时，未抛出异常第五节 线程内异常处理函数
通过构造一个线程内异常处理类来解决无法追踪线程内异常的问题。对应文件名：
fourth_04.py
python
import sys
import threading
import time
import traceback
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QDialog, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QMessageBox
)
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject
import logging.config
import func_A
def global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""全局异常处理函数"""
# 确保日志系统已初始化
if not logging.getLogger("applog").hasHandlers():
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
error_msg = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback))
logger.error(f"全局异常捕获:\n{error_msg}")
# 创建临时QApplication实例（如果不存在）
app = QApplication.instance()
if app is None:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# 显示错误提示
QMessageBox.critical(
None,
"系统错误",
f"发生未预期的错误: {exc_value}\n\n详细信息已记录到日志文件。"
)
# 对于致命错误，退出应用
if not isinstance(exc_value, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
sys.exit(1)
# 设置全局异常钩子
sys.excepthook = global_exception_hook
class ExceptionHandler(QObject):
"""线程异常处理信号类"""
exception_occurred = pyqtSignal(object, object, object)
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.exception_occurred.connect(self.handle_exception)
def handle_exception(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""处理线程异常"""
global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback)
class CustomDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("功能对话框")
self.setMinimumSize(300, 150)
# 创建主布局
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 添加标签
main_layout.addWidget(QLabel("请选择要执行的操作:"))
# 创建按钮布局
button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 创建两个功能按钮
self.btn_action1 = QPushButton("模拟功能一")
self.btn_action2 = QPushButton("模拟功能二")
self.btn_action1.clicked.connect(self.perform_action1)
self.btn_action2.clicked.connect(self.perform_action2)
# 将按钮添加到按钮布局
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action1)
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action2)
# 将按钮布局添加到主布局
main_layout.addLayout(button_layout)
# 设置对话框布局
self.setLayout(main_layout)
def perform_action1(self):
# 模拟未定义变量错误
x = eval("b")
QMessageBox.information(self, "功能一", "执行了模拟功能一：数据备份完成！")
def perform_action2(self):
# 模拟除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.warning(self, "功能二", "执行了模拟功能二：系统清理完成！")
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("垂直布局按钮示例")
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
# 创建异常处理器
self.exception_handler = ExceptionHandler()
# 启动后台线程
t1 = threading.Thread(target=self.thread_test)
t1.daemon = True
t1.start()
# 创建中央部件
central_widget = QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
# 创建垂直布局
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 创建6个按钮并连接到不同的槽函数
self.button1 = QPushButton("按钮一")
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.on_button1_clicked)
self.button2 = QPushButton("按钮二")
self.button2.clicked.connect(self.on_button2_clicked)
self.button3 = QPushButton("按钮三")
self.button3.clicked.connect(self.on_button3_clicked)
self.button4 = QPushButton("按钮四")
self.button4.clicked.connect(self.on_button4_clicked)
self.button5 = QPushButton("按钮五")
self.button5.clicked.connect(self.on_button5_clicked)
self.button6 = QPushButton("打开对话框")
self.button6.clicked.connect(self.on_button6_clicked)
# 将按钮添加到布局
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
layout.addWidget(self.button5)
layout.addWidget(self.button6)
# 添加拉伸因子使按钮在顶部显示
layout.addStretch(1)
# 设置中央部件的布局
central_widget.setLayout(layout)
def thread_test(self):
"""后台线程函数"""
while True:
try:
func_A.testA()
time.sleep(1)
except Exception as e:
# 获取异常信息
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
# 通过信号将异常传递给主线程处理
self.exception_handler.exception_occurred.emit(
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
)
# 等待一段时间后继续，避免快速循环报错
time.sleep(5)
def on_button1_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮一", "按钮一被点击：执行功能A")
def on_button2_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮二", "按钮二被点击：执行功能B")
def on_button3_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮三", "按钮三被点击：执行功能C")
def on_button4_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮四", "按钮四被点击：执行功能D")
def on_button5_clicked(self):
# 这里故意制造一个除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮五", "按钮五被点击：执行功能E")
def on_button6_clicked(self):
dialog = CustomDialog(self)
dialog.exec_()
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 配置日志系统
try:
logging.config.fileConfig("logging.conf")
except Exception as e:
# 如果配置文件不存在，创建基本配置
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
filename='app.log',
filemode='w'
)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
# 捕获应用程序初始化阶段的异常
logger.exception("应用程序初始化错误")
QMessageBox.critical(None, "启动错误", f"应用程序启动失败: {e}")
sys.exit(1)第六节、全局异常处理类
同上一个异常处理函数不同，这次构造异常处理类。感觉同第四节没有区别。复习这一节内容可考虑不看。对应文件名：
fifth_05.py
python
import sys
import threading
import time
import traceback
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QDialog, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QMessageBox
)
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject
import logging.config
import func_A
def global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""全局异常处理函数"""
# 确保日志系统已初始化
if not logging.getLogger("applog").hasHandlers():
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
error_msg = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback))
logger.error(f"全局异常捕获:\n{error_msg}")
# 创建临时QApplication实例（如果不存在）
app = QApplication.instance()
if app is None:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# 显示错误提示
QMessageBox.critical(
None,
"系统错误",
f"发生未预期的错误: {exc_value}\n\n详细信息已记录到日志文件。"
)
# 对于致命错误，退出应用
if not isinstance(exc_value, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
sys.exit(1)
# 设置全局异常钩子
sys.excepthook = global_exception_hook
class ExceptionHandler(QObject):
"""线程异常处理信号类"""
exception_occurred = pyqtSignal(object, object, object)
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.exception_occurred.connect(self.handle_exception)
def handle_exception(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""处理线程异常"""
global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback)
class CustomDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("功能对话框")
self.setMinimumSize(300, 150)
# 创建主布局
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 添加标签
main_layout.addWidget(QLabel("请选择要执行的操作:"))
# 创建按钮布局
button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 创建两个功能按钮
self.btn_action1 = QPushButton("模拟功能一")
self.btn_action2 = QPushButton("模拟功能二")
self.btn_action1.clicked.connect(self.perform_action1)
self.btn_action2.clicked.connect(self.perform_action2)
# 将按钮添加到按钮布局
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action1)
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action2)
# 将按钮布局添加到主布局
main_layout.addLayout(button_layout)
# 设置对话框布局
self.setLayout(main_layout)
def perform_action1(self):
# 模拟未定义变量错误
x = eval("b")
QMessageBox.information(self, "功能一", "执行了模拟功能一：数据备份完成！")
def perform_action2(self):
# 模拟除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.warning(self, "功能二", "执行了模拟功能二：系统清理完成！")
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("垂直布局按钮示例")
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
# 创建异常处理器
self.exception_handler = ExceptionHandler()
# 启动后台线程
t1 = threading.Thread(target=self.thread_test)
t1.daemon = True
t1.start()
# 创建中央部件
central_widget = QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
# 创建垂直布局
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 创建6个按钮并连接到不同的槽函数
self.button1 = QPushButton("按钮一")
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.on_button1_clicked)
self.button2 = QPushButton("按钮二")
self.button2.clicked.connect(self.on_button2_clicked)
self.button3 = QPushButton("按钮三")
self.button3.clicked.connect(self.on_button3_clicked)
self.button4 = QPushButton("按钮四")
self.button4.clicked.connect(self.on_button4_clicked)
self.button5 = QPushButton("按钮五")
self.button5.clicked.connect(self.on_button5_clicked)
self.button6 = QPushButton("打开对话框")
self.button6.clicked.connect(self.on_button6_clicked)
# 将按钮添加到布局
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
layout.addWidget(self.button5)
layout.addWidget(self.button6)
# 添加拉伸因子使按钮在顶部显示
layout.addStretch(1)
# 设置中央部件的布局
central_widget.setLayout(layout)
def thread_test(self):
"""后台线程函数"""
while True:
try:
func_A.testA()
time.sleep(1)
except Exception as e:
# 获取异常信息
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
# 通过信号将异常传递给主线程处理
self.exception_handler.exception_occurred.emit(
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
)
# 等待一段时间后继续，避免快速循环报错
time.sleep(5)
def on_button1_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮一", "按钮一被点击：执行功能A")
def on_button2_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮二", "按钮二被点击：执行功能B")
def on_button3_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮三", "按钮三被点击：执行功能C")
def on_button4_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮四", "按钮四被点击：执行功能D")
def on_button5_clicked(self):
# 这里故意制造一个除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮五", "按钮五被点击：执行功能E")
def on_button6_clicked(self):
dialog = CustomDialog(self)
dialog.exec_()
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 配置日志系统
try:
logging.config.fileConfig("logging.conf")
except Exception as e:
# 如果配置文件不存在，创建基本配置
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
filename='app.log',
filemode='w'
)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
# 捕获应用程序初始化阶段的异常
logger.exception("应用程序初始化错误")
QMessageBox.critical(None, "启动错误", f"应用程序启动失败: {e}")
sys.exit(1)第七节 线程嵌套中的异常
线程嵌套，即在线程中再加子线程。切记：show_tip_box方法中的break一定要写在try语句外面，否则会一直弹出报错窗口直至卡死。说明在需要查找异常的位置使用exception_handler对象发射信号就可以了。对应文件名：
seventh_07.py
python
import sys
import threading
import time
import traceback
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QDialog, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QMessageBox
)
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject, QThread
import logging.config
import func_A
def pty():
1/0
def global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""全局异常处理函数"""
# 确保日志系统已初始化
if not logging.getLogger("applog").hasHandlers():
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
error_msg = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback))
logger.error(f"全局异常捕获:\n{error_msg}")
# 创建临时QApplication实例（如果不存在）
app = QApplication.instance()
if app is None:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# 显示错误提示
QMessageBox.critical(
None,
"系统错误",
f"发生未预期的错误: {exc_value}\n\n详细信息已记录到日志文件。"
)
# 对于致命错误，退出应用
if not isinstance(exc_value, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
sys.exit(1)
# 设置全局异常钩子
sys.excepthook = global_exception_hook
class ExceptionHandler(QObject):
"""线程异常处理信号类"""
exception_occurred = pyqtSignal(object, object, object)
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.exception_occurred.connect(self.handle_exception)
def handle_exception(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""处理线程异常"""
global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback)
class CustomDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("功能对话框")
self.setMinimumSize(300, 150)
# 创建主布局
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 添加标签
main_layout.addWidget(QLabel("请选择要执行的操作:"))
# 创建按钮布局
button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 创建两个功能按钮
self.btn_action1 = QPushButton("模拟功能一")
self.btn_action2 = QPushButton("模拟功能二")
self.btn_action1.clicked.connect(self.perform_action1)
self.btn_action2.clicked.connect(self.perform_action2)
# 将按钮添加到按钮布局
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action1)
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action2)
# 将按钮布局添加到主布局
main_layout.addLayout(button_layout)
# 设置对话框布局
self.setLayout(main_layout)
def perform_action1(self):
# 模拟未定义变量错误
x = eval("b")
QMessageBox.information(self, "功能一", "执行了模拟功能一：数据备份完成！")
def perform_action2(self):
# 模拟除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.warning(self, "功能二", "执行了模拟功能二：系统清理完成！")
class TestThread(QThread):
signal=pyqtSignal(int)
def __init__(self,mainwindow):
super().__init__()
self.mainwindow=mainwindow
self.num=0
def run(self):
t1=threading.Thread(target=self.count_num)
t2=threading.Thread(target=self.show_tip_box)
t1.start()
t2.start()
def count_num(self):
for i in range(25):
print("正在计算数字")
self.num=self.num+1
time.sleep(1)
def show_tip_box(self):
while True:
print(f"~~循环执行show_tip_box：{self.num}~~")
if self.num<20:
pass
else:
try:
pty()
self.signal.emit(self.num)
except Exception as e:
# 获取异常信息
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
# 通过信号将异常传递给主线程处理
self.mainwindow.exception_handler.exception_occurred.emit(
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
)
# 等待一段时间后继续，避免快速循环报错
break
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("垂直布局按钮示例")
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
# 创建异常处理器
self.exception_handler = ExceptionHandler()
# 创建中央部件
central_widget = QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
# 创建垂直布局
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 创建6个按钮并连接到不同的槽函数
self.button1 = QPushButton("线程嵌套")
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.on_button1_clicked)
self.button2 = QPushButton("按钮二")
self.button2.clicked.connect(self.on_button2_clicked)
self.button3 = QPushButton("按钮三")
self.button3.clicked.connect(self.on_button3_clicked)
self.button4 = QPushButton("按钮四")
self.button4.clicked.connect(self.on_button4_clicked)
self.button5 = QPushButton("按钮五")
self.button5.clicked.connect(self.on_button5_clicked)
self.button6 = QPushButton("打开对话框")
self.button6.clicked.connect(self.on_button6_clicked)
# 将按钮添加到布局
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
layout.addWidget(self.button5)
layout.addWidget(self.button6)
# 添加拉伸因子使按钮在顶部显示
layout.addStretch(1)
# 设置中央部件的布局
central_widget.setLayout(layout)
def on_button1_clicked(self):
self.thread=TestThread(mainwindow=self)
self.thread.signal.connect(self.show_tip_messagbox)
self.thread.start()
print("~~线程已经执行~~~")
def on_button2_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮二", "按钮二被点击：执行功能B")
def on_button3_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮三", "按钮三被点击：执行功能C")
def on_button4_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮四", "按钮四被点击：执行功能D")
def on_button5_clicked(self):
# 这里故意制造一个除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮五", "按钮五被点击：执行功能E")
def on_button6_clicked(self):
dialog = CustomDialog(self)
dialog.exec_()
def show_tip_messagbox(self,num):
print("~~~弹窗提示~~~")
QMessageBox.information(self,"提示",f"计算完成,用时{num}秒！")
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 配置日志系统
try:
logging.config.fileConfig("logging.conf")
except Exception as e:
# 如果配置文件不存在，创建基本配置
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
filename='app.log',
filemode='w'
)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
# 捕获应用程序初始化阶段的异常
logger.exception("应用程序初始化错误")
QMessageBox.critical(None, "启动错误", f"应用程序启动失败: {e}")
sys.exit(1)第八节 通用写法
下面这代码代码成了线程追溯错误异常的标准写法了。无非定义一个exception_handler对象。
python
try:
可能报错的功能，即函数
except Exception as e:
# 获取异常信息
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
# 通过信号将异常传递给主线程处理
self.exception_handler.exception_occurred.emit(
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
)第九节 在函数中定义线程异常处理类
如果大量需要追溯线程中异常，这个方法最好用。在需要位置写一行代码即可。相当于将第八节中try语句中内容构造了一个函数func_use_ExceptionHandler解决。这一段内容及代码是2025年12月29日复习时，提出的更简洁的处理方法。对应文件名：
eight_08.py
python
import sys
import threading
import time
import traceback
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QDialog, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QMessageBox
)
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject, QThread
import logging.config
import func_A
def pty():
1/0
def global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""全局异常处理函数"""
# 确保日志系统已初始化
if not logging.getLogger("applog").hasHandlers():
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
error_msg = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback))
logger.error(f"全局异常捕获:\n{error_msg}")
# 创建临时QApplication实例（如果不存在）
app = QApplication.instance()
if app is None:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# 显示错误提示
QMessageBox.critical(
None,
"系统错误",
f"发生未预期的错误: {exc_value}\n\n详细信息已记录到日志文件。"
)
# 对于致命错误，退出应用
if not isinstance(exc_value, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
sys.exit(1)
# 设置全局异常钩子
sys.excepthook = global_exception_hook
class ExceptionHandler(QObject):
"""线程异常处理信号类"""
exception_occurred = pyqtSignal(object, object, object)
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.exception_occurred.connect(self.handle_exception)
def handle_exception(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
"""处理线程异常"""
global_exception_hook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback)
class CustomDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("功能对话框")
self.setMinimumSize(300, 150)
# 创建主布局
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 添加标签
main_layout.addWidget(QLabel("请选择要执行的操作:"))
# 创建按钮布局
button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 创建两个功能按钮
self.btn_action1 = QPushButton("模拟功能一")
self.btn_action2 = QPushButton("模拟功能二")
self.btn_action1.clicked.connect(self.perform_action1)
self.btn_action2.clicked.connect(self.perform_action2)
# 将按钮添加到按钮布局
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action1)
button_layout.addWidget(self.btn_action2)
# 将按钮布局添加到主布局
main_layout.addLayout(button_layout)
# 设置对话框布局
self.setLayout(main_layout)
def perform_action1(self):
# 模拟未定义变量错误
x = eval("b")
QMessageBox.information(self, "功能一", "执行了模拟功能一：数据备份完成！")
def perform_action2(self):
# 模拟除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.warning(self, "功能二", "执行了模拟功能二：系统清理完成！")
class TestThread(QThread):
signal=pyqtSignal(int)
def __init__(self,mainwindow):
super().__init__()
self.mainwindow=mainwindow
self.num=0
def run(self):
t1=threading.Thread(target=self.count_num)
t2=threading.Thread(target=self.show_tip_box)
t1.start()
t2.start()
def count_num(self):
for i in range(25):
print("正在计算数字")
self.num=self.num+1
time.sleep(1)
def show_tip_box(self):
while True:
print(f"~~循环执行show_tip_box：{self.num}~~")
if self.num<20:
pass
else:
try:
pty()
self.signal.emit(self.num)
except Exception as e:
# 获取异常信息
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
# 通过信号将异常传递给主线程处理
self.mainwindow.exception_handler.exception_occurred.emit(
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
)
# 等待一段时间后继续，避免快速循环报错
break
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("垂直布局按钮示例")
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
# 创建异常处理器
self.exception_handler = ExceptionHandler()
# 创建中央部件
central_widget = QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
# 创建垂直布局
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# 创建6个按钮并连接到不同的槽函数
self.button1 = QPushButton("线程嵌套")
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.on_button1_clicked)
self.button2 = QPushButton("按钮二")
self.button2.clicked.connect(self.on_button2_clicked)
self.button3 = QPushButton("按钮三")
self.button3.clicked.connect(self.on_button3_clicked)
self.button4 = QPushButton("按钮四")
self.button4.clicked.connect(self.on_button4_clicked)
self.button5 = QPushButton("按钮五")
self.button5.clicked.connect(self.on_button5_clicked)
self.button6 = QPushButton("打开对话框")
self.button6.clicked.connect(self.on_button6_clicked)
# 将按钮添加到布局
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
layout.addWidget(self.button5)
layout.addWidget(self.button6)
# 添加拉伸因子使按钮在顶部显示
layout.addStretch(1)
# 设置中央部件的布局
central_widget.setLayout(layout)
def on_button1_clicked(self):
self.thread=TestThread(mainwindow=self)
self.thread.signal.connect(self.show_tip_messagbox)
self.thread.start()
print("~~线程已经执行~~~")
def on_button2_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮二", "按钮二被点击：执行功能B")
def on_button3_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮三", "按钮三被点击：执行功能C")
def on_button4_clicked(self):
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮四", "按钮四被点击：执行功能D")
def on_button5_clicked(self):
# 这里故意制造一个除零错误
x = 1 / 0
QMessageBox.information(self, "按钮五", "按钮五被点击：执行功能E")
def on_button6_clicked(self):
dialog = CustomDialog(self)
dialog.exec_()
def show_tip_messagbox(self,num):
print("~~~弹窗提示~~~")
QMessageBox.information(self,"提示",f"计算完成,用时{num}秒！")
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 配置日志系统
try:
logging.config.fileConfig("logging.conf")
except Exception as e:
# 如果配置文件不存在，创建基本配置
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
filename='app.log',
filemode='w'
)
logger = logging.getLogger("applog")
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception as e:
# 捕获应用程序初始化阶段的异常
logger.exception("应用程序初始化错误")
QMessageBox.critical(None, "启动错误", f"应用程序启动失败: {e}")
sys.exit(1)