Hibernate的聚合函数
在Hibernate中,聚合函数(Aggregate Functions)用于对一组值进行计算并返回单一值。这些函数在执行统计分析、数据汇总和报告时非常有用。常见的聚合函数包括:
count:计数avg:平均值sum:求和min:最小值max:最大值
Hibernate支持在Criteria API和HQL(Hibernate Query Language)中使用聚合函数。
使用聚合函数的示例代码
实体类定义
我们继续使用之前定义的Person和Address实体类。
Person类
java
package com.example.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "person")
public class Person {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@Column(name = "name")
private String name;
@Column(name = "age")
private int age;
public Person() {}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
// Getters 和 Setters
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Address类
java
package com.example.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "address")
public class Address {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@Column(name = "street")
private String street;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "person_id", nullable = false)
private Person person;
public Address() {}
public Address(String street, Person person) {
this.street = street;
this.person = person;
}
// Getters 和 Setters
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
public Person getPerson() {
return person;
}
public void setPerson(Person person) {
this.person = person;
}
}
Hibernate配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml
xml
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 数据库连接配置 -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/your_database</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">your_username</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">your_password</property>
<!-- Hibernate 属性配置 -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 映射类 -->
<mapping class="com.example.domain.Person"/>
<mapping class="com.example.domain.Address"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
HibernateUtil类
java
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtil {
private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static {
try {
// 从配置文件创建SessionFactory
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
// 记录启动失败的错误
System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
}
使用聚合函数的示例
插入示例数据
java
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
public class HibernateInsertData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 获取SessionFactory
SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
// 插入示例数据
insertSampleData(sessionFactory);
// 关闭SessionFactory
sessionFactory.close();
}
private static void insertSampleData(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
try {
Person person1 = new Person("John Doe", 30);
Person person2 = new Person("Jane Doe", 28);
Person person3 = new Person("Alice", 35);
session.save(person1);
session.save(person2);
session.save(person3);
Address address1 = new Address("123 Main St", person1);
Address address2 = new Address("456 Oak St", person2);
Address address3 = new Address("789 Pine St", person3);
session.save(address1);
session.save(address2);
session.save(address3);
transaction.commit();
System.out.println("Inserted sample data");
} catch (Exception e) {
if (transaction != null) {
transaction.rollback();
}
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
}
}
使用聚合函数查询
查询Person的平均年龄
java
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.query.criteria.HibernateCriteriaBuilder;
import org.hibernate.query.criteria.JpaCriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;
public class HibernateAggregateQueryExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 获取SessionFactory
SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
// 使用聚合函数查询Person的平均年龄
queryAverageAge(sessionFactory);
// 关闭SessionFactory
sessionFactory.close();
}
private static void queryAverageAge(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
try {
CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = session.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Double> criteriaQuery = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Double.class);
Root<Person> root = criteriaQuery.from(Person.class);
criteriaQuery.select(criteriaBuilder.avg(root.get("age")));
Double averageAge = session.createQuery(criteriaQuery).getSingleResult();
System.out.println("Average age of persons: " + averageAge);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
}
}
查询Person的总数
java
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.query.criteria.HibernateCriteriaBuilder;
import org.hibernate.query.criteria.JpaCriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;
public class HibernateCountQueryExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 获取SessionFactory
SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
// 使用聚合函数查询Person的总数
queryPersonCount(sessionFactory);
// 关闭SessionFactory
sessionFactory.close();
}
private static void queryPersonCount(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
try {
CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = session.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Long> criteriaQuery = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Long.class);
Root<Person> root = criteriaQuery.from(Person.class);
criteriaQuery.select(criteriaBuilder.count(root));
Long personCount = session.createQuery(criteriaQuery).getSingleResult();
System.out.println("Total number of persons: " + personCount);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
}
}
查询年龄最小和最大的Person
java
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.query.criteria.HibernateCriteriaBuilder;
import org.hibernate.query.criteria.JpaCriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;
public class HibernateMinMaxQueryExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 获取SessionFactory
SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
// 使用聚合函数查询年龄最小和最大的Person
queryMinMaxAge(sessionFactory);
// 关闭SessionFactory
sessionFactory.close();
}
private static void queryMinMaxAge(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
try {
CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = session.getCriteriaBuilder();
// 查询最小年龄
CriteriaQuery<Integer> minCriteriaQuery = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Integer.class);