Java性能优化实战技术文章大纲
性能优化的基本原则
理解性能优化的核心目标：减少资源消耗、提高响应速度、增强系统稳定性 避免过度优化，基于实际业务场景和数据驱动决策 采用可量化的指标评估优化效果（如TPS、RT、GC频率等）
JVM层优化策略
内存管理优化：堆大小配置（-Xms/-Xmx）、新生代与老年代比例（-XX:NewRatio） 垃圾回收器选择：G1 vs ZGC vs Shenandoah的场景对比 JIT编译优化：热点代码检测与编译阈值调整（-XX:CompileThreshold）
代码级优化技巧
集合类使用优化：ArrayList初始容量设置、HashMap负载因子调整 避免不必要的对象创建：重用对象、使用基本数据类型 并发控制优化：降低锁粒度、使用并发集合（ConcurrentHashMap）
数据库访问优化
连接池配置：合理设置HikariCP/Druid参数（maxPoolSize、idleTimeout） SQL性能：索引优化、避免N+1查询、批处理操作 缓存策略：多级缓存设计（本地缓存+分布式缓存）
网络IO优化
NIO与非阻塞IO应用：Netty框架的最佳实践 序列化协议选择：Protobuf vs JSON的性能对比 连接复用：HTTP长连接与连接池管理
监控与诊断工具
JVM监控：VisualVM、Arthas的实时诊断能力 性能剖析：Async-Profiler的火焰图分析 日志分析：ELK栈实现性能指标可视化
常见性能陷阱与解决方案
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线程池配置不当导致的资源耗尽 缓存击穿/雪崩的预防策略 分布式环境下的时钟漂移问题
性能测试方法论
基准测试工具：JMH微基准测试框架 压力测试：JMeter场景化测试方案 持续性能监控：Prometheus+Grafana预警体系