python3继承使用

1 演示代码

py 复制代码

import os
import time
import sys
class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

    def introduce(self):
        print(f"My name is {self.name}, I am {self.age} years old, and I am {self.gender}.")

    def birthday(self):
        self.age += 1
        print(f"Happy birthday! You are now {self.age} years old.")

    def set_gender(self, gender):
        self.gender = gender
        print(f"Gender set to {self.gender}.")

    def set_name(self, name):
        self.name = name
        print(f"Name set to {self.name}.")

    def set_age(self, age):
        self.age = age
        print(f"Age set to {self.age}.")

class Student(Person):
	#不支持写多个init函数。如果有，最后一个才有效。
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender, student_class, grade):
        super().__init__(name, age, gender) #先初始化父类。super()表示当前类的父类对象。
        self.student_class = student_class
        self.grade = grade

    def student_info(self):
        print(f"Student: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}, Gender: {self.gender}, Class: {self.student_class}, Grade: {self.grade}")

    def promote(self):
        self.grade += 1
        print(f"Promoted! Now in grade {self.grade}.")

    def change_class(self, new_class):
        self.student_class = new_class
        print(f"Class changed to {self.student_class}.")

    def set_grade(self, grade):
        self.grade = grade
        print(f"Grade set to {self.grade}.")

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, info_dict):
        #cls表示当前类，谁调用就是谁
        print(f"info_dict = {info_dict}!")
        return cls(**info_dict)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("start")
    print("end")
    # 演示Student的初始化和使用，包括调用基类的方法和自己的方法

    # 创建 Student 实例
    # 1. 使用位置参数初始化
    student = Student("Alice", 16, "female", "10A", 10)

    # 2. 通过字典+解包初始化
    student_info = {"name": "Alice", "age": 16, "gender": "female", "student_class": "10A", "grade": 10}
    student2 = Student(**student_info)

    # 3. 使用工厂方法初始化 (如未定义可自己定义)
    # 使用方式
    student3 = Student.from_dict(student_info)

    #4. 使用__init__方法初始化
    student4 = Student(name="Alice", age=16, gender="female", student_class="10A", grade=10)


    # 调用基类(Person)的方法
    student.introduce()
    student.birthday()
    student.set_gender("non-binary")
    student.set_name("Alex")
    student.set_age(17)

    # 调用 Student 自己的方法
    student.student_info()
    student.promote()
    student.change_class("11B")
    student.set_grade(12)
    student.student_info()

代码输出结果为，

txt 复制代码

start
end
info_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 16, 'gender': 'female', 'student_class': '10A', 'grade': 10}!
My name is Alice, I am 16 years old, and I am female.
Happy birthday! You are now 17 years old.
Gender set to non-binary.
Name set to Alex.
Age set to 17.
Student: Alex, Age: 17, Gender: non-binary, Class: 10A, Grade: 10
Promoted! Now in grade 11.
Class changed to 11B.
Grade set to 12.
Student: Alex, Age: 17, Gender: non-binary, Class: 11B, Grade: 12

python3继承使用

目录

1 演示代码