5.1 安装
1、拉取镜像
root@localhost \~# docker pull swarm
2、查看版本
root@localhost \~# docker run --rm swarm:latest -v
swarm version 1.2.9 (527a849)
5.2 集群
5.2.1 主机规划
| 主机名 | IP地址 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|
| manager1 | 192.168.72.47 | 管理节点 |
| worker1 | 192.168.72.48 | 工作节点 |
| worker2 | 192.168.72.49 | 工作节点 |
5.2.2 环境准备
5.2.2.1 manager1
1、克隆一台虚拟机
2、修改主机名
root@localhost \~# hostnamectl set-hostname manager1
root@localhost \~# bash
3、修改IP
root@manager1 \~# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addr47/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.72.2 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5 connection.autoconnect yes
root@manager1 \~# nmcli connection up ens160
4、配置hosts
root@manager1 \~# cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
> 192.168.72.47 manager1
192.168.72.48 worker1
192.168.72.49 worker2
> EOF
root@manager1 \~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.72.47 manager1
192.168.72.48 worker1
192.168.72.49 worker2
5.2.2.2 worker1
1、克隆一台虚拟机
2、设置主机名
root@localhost \~# hostnamectl set-hostname worker1
root@localhost \~# bash
3、修改IP
root@worker1 \~# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.162 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5 connection.autoconnect yes
root@worker1 \~# nmcli c up ens160
4、映射hosts
root@worker1 \~# cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
> 192.168.72.47 manager1
192.168.72.48 worker1
192.168.72.49 worker2
> EOF
root@worker1 \~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.72.47 manager1
192.168.72.48 worker1
192.168.72.49 worker2
5.2.2.3 worker2
1、克隆一台虚拟机
2、设置主机名
root@localhost \~# hostnamectl set-hostname worker2 && bash
3、修改IP
root@worker2 \~# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addre2 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5 connection.autoconnect yes
root@worker2 \~# nmcli c up ens160
4、映射hosts
root@worker2 \~# cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
192.168.72.47 manager1
192.168.72.48 worker1
192.168.72.49 worker2
> EOF
root@worker2 \~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.72.47 manager1
192.168.72.48 worker1
192.168.72.49 worker2
5.2.3 安装swarm
分别在三台（manager1、worker1和worker2）上安装 swarm。
root@manager1 \~# docker pull swarm
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/swarm
2064f1a73c6b: Pull complete
38e5683d7755: Pull complete
083aff163606: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2de8883e2933840ed7ee7360ea1eed314bf8aeac37c0692b9ca651630fde3b7f
Status: Downloaded newer image for swarm:latest
docker.io/library/swarm:latest
root@manager1 \~# docker images
IMAGE ID DISK USAGE CONTENT SIZE EXTRA
swarm:latest 2de8883e2933 16.6MB 3.85MB
root@worker1 \~# docker pull swarm
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/swarm
2064f1a73c6b: Pull complete
083aff163606: Pull complete
38e5683d7755: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2de8883e2933840ed7ee7360ea1eed314bf8aeac37c0692b9ca651630fde3b7f
Status: Downloaded newer image for swarm:latest
docker.io/library/swarm:latest
root@worker1 \~# docker images
IMAGE ID DISK USAGE CONTENT SIZE EXTRA
swarm:latest 2de8883e2933 16.6MB 3.85MB
root@worker2 \~# docker pull swarm
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/swarm
2064f1a73c6b: Pull complete
083aff163606: Pull complete
38e5683d7755: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2de8883e2933840ed7ee7360ea1eed314bf8aeac37c0692b9ca651630fde3b7f
Status: Downloaded newer image for swarm:latest
docker.io/library/swarm:latest
root@worker2 \~# docker images
IMAGE ID DISK USAGE CONTENT SIZE EXTRA
swarm:latest 2de8883e2933 16.6MB 3.85MB
5.2.4 创建集群
5.2.4.1 初始化swarm
创建集群在管理节点上执行，语法格式如下：
root@manager1 \~# docker swarm --help
Usage: docker swarm COMMAND
Manage Swarm
Commands:
init Initialize a swarm
join Join a swarm as a node and/or manager
Run 'docker swarm COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
然后通过 docker swarm init 命令来初始化一个集群：
root@manager1 \~# docker swarm init --help
Usage: docker swarm init OPTIONS
Initialize a swarm
Options:
--advertise-addr string Advertised address
(format:
"<ip|interface>:port")
--autolock Enable manager
autolocking (requiring
an unlock key to start
a stopped manager)
--availability string Availability of the
node ("active",
"pause", "drain")
(default "active")
--cert-expiry duration Validity period for
node certificates
(ns|us|ms|s|m|h)
(default 2160h0m0s)
--data-path-addr string Address or interface to
use for data path
traffic (format:
"<ip|interface>")
--data-path-port uint32 Port number to use for
data path traffic (1024
- 49151). If no value
is set or is set to 0,
the default port (4789)
is used.
--default-addr-pool ipNetSlice default address pool in
CIDR format (default \[\])
--default-addr-pool-mask-length uint32 default address pool
subnet mask length
(default 24)
--dispatcher-heartbeat duration Dispatcher heartbeat
period (ns|us|ms|s|m|h)
(default 5s)
--external-ca external-ca Specifications of one
or more certificate
signing endpoints
--force-new-cluster Force create a new
cluster from current state
--listen-addr node-addr Listen address (format:
"<ip|interface>:port") (default 0.0.0.0:2377)
--max-snapshots uint Number of additional
Raft snapshots to retain
--snapshot-interval uint Number of log entries
between Raft snapshots
(default 10000)
--task-history-limit int Task history retention
limit (default 5)
通过 192.168.72.47 来创建一个集群：
root@manager1 \~# docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.72.47
Swarm initialized: current node (osyz257ok5knqoyni4wtvirr2) is now a manager.
To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3n3dz2sahk8bqqim0i7xfoxkordn9p1segqm7y5d621ht0o2as-05vyytdd94vgsipmud58dtk34 192.168.72.47:2377
To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.
5.2.4.2 查看节点
root@manager1 \~# docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
osyz257ok5knqoyni4wtvirr2 * manager1 Ready Active Leader 29.1.5
5.2.5 加入工作节点
1、将worker1节点加入到集群中，注意：在worker1节点上执行如下命令
root@worker1 \~# docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3n3dz2sahk8bqqim0i7xfoxkordn9p1segqm7y5d621ht0o2as-05vyytdd94vgsipmud58dtk34 192.168.72.47:2377
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
查看节点：
root@manager1 \~# docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
osyz257ok5knqoyni4wtvirr2 * manager1 Ready Active Leader 29.1.5
caq3v6kyrsjc8xkkqlcbt2jfd worker1 Ready Active 29.1.5
2、将worker2节点加入到集群中，注意：在worker2节点上执行如下命令
root@worker2 \~# docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3n3dz2sahk8bqqim0i7xfoxkordn9p1segqm7y5d621ht0o2as-05vyytdd94vgsipmud58dtk34 192.168.72.47:2377
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
查看节点：
root@manager1 \~# docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
osyz257ok5knqoyni4wtvirr2 * manager1 Ready Active Leader 29.1.5
caq3v6kyrsjc8xkkqlcbt2jfd worker1 Ready Active 29.1.5
vzejmojj7gciu54malpilxv8j worker2 Ready Active 29.1.5
5.2.6 节点命令
我们可以使用 docker node 命令来查看节点信息，语法如下：
root@manager1 \~# docker node --help
Usage: docker node COMMAND
Manage Swarm nodes
Commands:
demote Demote one or more nodes from manager in the swarm
inspect Display detailed information on one or more nodes
ls List nodes in the swarm
promote Promote one or more nodes to manager in the swarm
ps List tasks running on one or more nodes, defaults to current node
rm Remove one or more nodes from the swarm
update Update a node
例如，查看所有节点
root@manager1 \~# docker node ls
再如，查看节点详细信息：
root@manager1 \~# docker node inspect
5.2.7 发布服务
例如：在集群中运行 nginx:1.28.1 服务，并且运行3个副本。
root@manager1 \~# docker service create --replicas 3 --name nginx -p 80:80 nginx:1.28.1
xprlwjn0nxmm3qj4ksyg0qeup
overall progress: 3 out of 3 tasks
1/3: running
2/3: running
3/3: running
verify: Service xprlwjn0nxmm3qj4ksyg0qeup converged
查看服务：
root@manager1 \~# docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS
xprlwjn0nxmm nginx replicated 3/3 nginx:1.28.1 *:80->80/tcp
访问测试：
root@manager1 \~# curl 192.168.72.47
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
5.2.8 删除服务
使用 docker service rm 命令，语法如下：
root@manager1 \~# docker service rm --help
Usage: docker service rm SERVICE SERVICE...
Remove one or more services
Aliases:
docker service rm, docker service remove
例如，删除 nginx 服务
root@manager1 \~# docker service rm nginx
nginx
root@manager1 \~# docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS