计算机网络学习笔记】初始网络之网络发展和OSI七层模型

以下是基于 Python + Pygame 实现的完整俄罗斯方块游戏代码，包含核心功能（方块生成、移动、旋转、消除、计分），注释详细可直接运行：

第一步：安装依赖

先安装 Pygame 库：

pip install pygame

第二步：完整代码

import pygame

import random

初始化Pygame

pygame.init()

游戏常量

SCREEN_WIDTH = 300 # 屏幕宽度

SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600 # 屏幕高度

BLOCK_SIZE = 30 # 方块大小（像素）

GRID_WIDTH = SCREEN_WIDTH // BLOCK_SIZE # 网格列数（10列）

GRID_HEIGHT = SCREEN_HEIGHT // BLOCK_SIZE # 网格行数（20行）

颜色定义（RGB）

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

GRAY = (128, 128, 128)

COLORS = [

(0, 255, 255), # 青色（I型）

(0, 0, 255), # 蓝色（J型）

(255, 165, 0), # 橙色（L型）

(255, 255, 0), # 黄色（O型）

(0, 255, 0), # 绿色（S型）

(128, 0, 128), # 紫色（T型）

(255, 0, 0) # 红色（Z型）

]

俄罗斯方块7种形状（0=空，1=方块）

SHAPES = [

\[1, 1, 1, 1\]\], # I型（横） \[\[1, 0, 0\], \[1, 1, 1\]\], # J型 \[\[0, 0, 1\], \[1, 1, 1\]\], # L型 \[\[1, 1\], \[1, 1\]\], # O型（正方形） \[\[0, 1, 1\], \[1, 1, 0\]\], # S型 \[\[0, 1, 0\], \[1, 1, 1\]\], # T型 \[\[1, 1, 0\], \[0, 1, 1\]\] # Z型

屏幕设置

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))

pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块")

时钟（控制游戏帧率）

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

FPS = 10

字体设置（计分板）

font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)

class Tetromino:

"""方块类：管理单个下落的俄罗斯方块"""

def init(self):

self.shape = random.choice(SHAPES) # 随机选择形状

self.color = random.choice(COLORS) # 随机选择颜色

self.x = GRID_WIDTH // 2 - len(self.shape[0]) // 2 # 初始X位置（居中）

self.y = 0 # 初始Y位置（顶部）

def rotate(self):

"""旋转方块（矩阵转置+逆序）"""

转置矩阵

rotated = list(zip(*self.shape[::-1]))

转换为列表格式

self.shape = [list(row) for row in rotated]

def draw(self):

"""绘制方块到屏幕"""

for y, row in enumerate(self.shape):

for x, cell in enumerate(row):

if cell:

计算方块在屏幕上的实际坐标

screen_x = (self.x + x) * BLOCK_SIZE

screen_y = (self.y + y) * BLOCK_SIZE

绘制方块（带边框）

pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (screen_x, screen_y, BLOCK_SIZE - 1, BLOCK_SIZE - 1))

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class Game:

"""游戏主类：管理网格、碰撞检测、计分"""

def init(self):

self.grid = [[BLACK for _ in range(GRID_WIDTH)] for _ in range(GRID_HEIGHT)] # 游戏网格（初始全黑）

self.current_tetromino = Tetromino() # 当前下落的方块

self.score = 0 # 分数

self.game_over = False # 游戏结束标志

def draw_grid(self):

"""绘制游戏网格（已落地的方块）"""

for y in range(GRID_HEIGHT):

for x in range(GRID_WIDTH):

pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.grid[y][x], (x * BLOCK_SIZE, y * BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE - 1, BLOCK_SIZE - 1))

def check_collision(self, tetromino, dx=0, dy=0, rotated=False):

"""检测碰撞：dx=X偏移，dy=Y偏移，rotated=是否旋转后的形状"""

shape = tetromino.shape

if rotated:

临时计算旋转后的形状

shape = [list(row) for row in zip(*shape[::-1])]

for y, row in enumerate(shape):

for x, cell in enumerate(row):

if cell:

计算偏移后的坐标

new_x = tetromino.x + x + dx

new_y = tetromino.y + y + dy

碰撞条件：超出左右边界、超出下边界、碰到已落地的方块

if (new_x < 0 or new_x >= GRID_WIDTH or

new_y >= GRID_HEIGHT or

(new_y >= 0 and self.grid[new_y][new_x] != BLACK)):

return True

return False

def lock_tetromino(self):

"""将落地的方块锁定到网格中"""

for y, row in enumerate(self.current_tetromino.shape):

for x, cell in enumerate(row):

if cell:

grid_y = self.current_te