Tomcat 9 + JSP 中文乱码终极解决方案（完整版可复制）

子木HAPPY阳VIP2026-05-01 8:25

一、适用范围

  • 适用版本：apache-tomcat-9.0.95（所有 Tomcat 9 版本通用）

  • 解决乱码类型：JSP页面中文乱码、URL传参乱码、表单提交乱码、Tomcat控制台日志乱码、静态HTML页面乱码

二、核心修改文件

需修改 Tomcat 目录下 3 个核心配置文件，修改后直接覆盖原文件即可，无需额外配置：

  1. tomcat/bin/catalina.sh（JVM 编码配置，解决控制台及底层编码问题）

  2. tomcat/conf/server.xml（连接器编码配置，解决URL及请求传输乱码）

  3. tomcat/conf/web.xml（全局编码过滤器，解决请求/响应及静态资源乱码）

三、完整修改内容（直接复制覆盖）

1. catalina.sh 完整内容（UTF-8编码已修复）

bash 复制代码 
#!/bin/sh

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Control Script for the CATALINA Server
#
# For supported commands call "catalina.sh help" or see the usage section at
# the end of this file.
#
# Environment Variable Prerequisites
#
#   Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script
#   setenv.sh in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.
#
#   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
#
#   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
#                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to
#                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
#
#   CATALINA_OUT    (Optional) Full path to a file where stdout and stderr
#                   will be redirected.
#                   Default is $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out
#
#   CATALINA_OUT_CMD (Optional) Command which will be executed and receive
#                   as its stdin the stdout and stderr from the Tomcat java
#                   process. If CATALINA_OUT_CMD is set, the value of
#                   CATALINA_OUT will be used as a named pipe.
#                   No default.
#                   Example (all one line)
#                   CATALINA_OUT_CMD="/usr/bin/rotatelogs -f $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out.%Y-%m-%d.log 86400"
#
#   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
#                   "run" or "debug" command is executed.
#                   Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that should
#                   only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,
#                   the version command etc.
#                   Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.
#
#   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
#                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to
#                   $CATALINA_BASE/temp.
#
#   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
#                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
#
#   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
#                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
#                   are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
#
#   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when any command
#                   is executed.
#                   Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, that
#                   should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,
#                   the version command etc.
#                   Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.
#
#   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of colon separated directories
#                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
#                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
#                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
#                   This is only supported for Java <= 8.
#                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
#
#   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
#
#   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. The default is localhost:8000.
#
#   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
#                   execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
#
#   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
#                   and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
#                   options MUST be specified. The default is:
#
#                   -agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,
#                       address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND
#
#   JSSE_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used to control the TLS
#                   implementation when JSSE is used. Default is:
#                   "-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
#
#   CATALINA_PID    (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid
#                   of the catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is
#                   used
#
#   CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
#                   Example (all one line)
#                   CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
#
#   LOGGING_CONFIG  Deprecated
#                   Use CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG
#                   This is only used if CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG is not set
#                   and LOGGING_CONFIG starts with "-D..."
#
#   LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
#                   Example (all one line)
#                   LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
#
#   UMASK           (Optional) Override Tomcat's default UMASK of 0027
#
#   USE_NOHUP       (Optional) If set to the string true the start command will
#                   use nohup so that the Tomcat process will ignore any hangup
#                   signals. Default is "false" unless running on HP-UX in which
#                   case the default is "true"
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 强制设置系统字符集 UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

# OS specific support.  $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
cygwin=false
darwin=false
os400=false
hpux=false
case "`uname`" in
CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
Darwin*) darwin=true;;
OS400*) os400=true;;
HP-UX*) hpux=true;;
esac

# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0"

while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
    PRG="$link"
  else
    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
  fi
done

# Get standard environment variables
PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`

# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
[ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd`

# Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set
[ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"

# Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
# but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.
CLASSPATH=

if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
  . "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
  . "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
fi

# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
if $cygwin; then
  [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`
  [ -n "$JRE_HOME" ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"`
  [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"`
  [ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"`
  [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
fi

# Ensure that neither CATALINA_HOME nor CATALINA_BASE contains a colon
# as this is used as the separator in the classpath and Java provides no
# mechanism for escaping if the same character appears in the path.
case $CATALINA_HOME in
  *:*) echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:   $CATALINA_HOME";
       echo "Unable to start as CATALINA_HOME contains a colon (:) character";
       exit 1;
esac
case $CATALINA_BASE in
  *:*) echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE";
       echo "Unable to start as CATALINA_BASE contains a colon (:) character";
       exit 1;
esac

# For OS400
if $os400; then
  # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using
  # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests
  # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs.
  COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)'
  system $COMMAND

  # Enable multi threading
  export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y
fi

# Get standard Java environment variables
if $os400; then
  # -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
  # 1. owned by the user
  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
  . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
else
  if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then
    . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
  else
    echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh"
    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
    exit 1
  fi
fi

# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
if [ ! -z "$CLASSPATH" ] ; then
  CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":
fi
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH""$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar

if [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT" ] ; then
  CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
fi

if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then
  # Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina
  CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp
fi

# Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
# tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; then
  CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
else
  CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
fi

# Bugzilla 37848: When no TTY is available, don't output to console
have_tty=0
if [ -t 0 ]; then
    have_tty=1
fi

# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
if $cygwin; then
  JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`
  JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JRE_HOME"`
  CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"`
  CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"`
  CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"`
  CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`
  [ -n "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ] && JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"`
fi

if [ -z "$JSSE_OPTS" ] ; then
  JSSE_OPTS="-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
fi
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS $JSSE_OPTS"

# 核心：JVM 强制 UTF-8 编码（解决中文乱码根本）
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dsun.jnu.encoding=UTF-8"

# Register custom URL handlers
# Do this here so custom URL handles (specifically 'war:...') can be used in the security policy
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources"

# Check for the deprecated LOGGING_CONFIG
# Only use it if CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG is not set and LOGGING_CONFIG starts with "-D..."
if [ -z "$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
  case $LOGGING_CONFIG in
    -D*) CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="$LOGGING_CONFIG"
  esac
fi

# Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issued
if [ -z "$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
  if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/logging.properties ]; then
    CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
  else
    # Bugzilla 45585
    CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop"
  fi
fi

if [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; then
  LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
fi

# Set UMASK unless it has been overridden
if [ -z "$UMASK" ]; then
    UMASK="0027"
fi
umask $UMASK

# Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
# system property. Only try to use it if
# JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS was explicitly set
# or CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
ENDORSED_PROP=ignore.endorsed.dirs
if [ -n "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ]; then
    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
fi
if [ -d "$CATALINA_HOME/endorsed" ]; then
    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
fi

# Make the umask available when using the org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=`umask`"

if [ -z "$USE_NOHUP" ]; then
    if $hpux; then
        USE_NOHUP="true"
    else
        USE_NOHUP="false"
    fi
fi
unset _NOHUP
if [ "$USE_NOHUP" = "true" ]; then
    _NOHUP="nohup"
fi

# Add the JAVA 9 specific start-up parameters required by Tomcat
JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED"
JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED"
JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED"
JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED"
JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED"
export JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS

# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------

# Bugzilla 37848: only output this if we have a TTY
if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
  echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE"
  echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:   $CATALINA_HOME"
  echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR"
  if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
    echo "Using JAVA_HOME:       $JAVA_HOME"
  else
    echo "Using JRE_HOME:        $JRE_HOME"
  fi
  echo "Using CLASSPATH:       $CLASSPATH"
  echo "Using CATALINA_OPTS:   $CATALINA_OPTS"
  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    echo "Using CATALINA_PID:    $CATALINA_PID"
  fi
fi

if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then
  if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then
    JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket"
  fi
  if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then
    JPDA_ADDRESS="localhost:8000"
  fi
  if [ -z "$JPDA_SUSPEND" ]; then
    JPDA_SUSPEND="n"
  fi
  if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then
    JPDA_OPTS="-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND"
  fi
  CATALINA_OPTS="$JPDA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS"
  shift
fi

if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
  if $os400; then
    echo "Debug command not available on OS400"
    exit 1
  else
    shift
    if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
      if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
        echo "Using Security Manager"
      fi
      shift
      eval exec "\"$_RUNJDB\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
        -D$ENDORSED_PROP="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
        -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \
        -Djava.security.manager \
        -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy" \
        -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
        -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
        -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
        org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
    else
      eval exec "\"$_RUNJDB\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
        -D$ENDORSED_PROP="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
        -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \
        -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
        -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
        -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
        org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
    fi
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then

  shift
  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
    if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
      echo "Using Security Manager"
    fi
    shift
    eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Djava.security.manager \
      -Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
  else
    eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
        echo "Existing PID file found during start."
        if [ -r "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
          PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
          ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1
          if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
            echo "Tomcat appears to still be running with PID $PID. Start aborted."
            echo "If the following process is not a Tomcat process, remove the PID file and try again:"
            ps -f -p $PID
            exit 1
          else
            echo "Removing/clearing stale PID file."
            rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
            if [ $? != 0 ]; then
              if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
              else
                echo "Unable to remove or clear stale PID file. Start aborted."
                exit 1
              fi
            fi
          fi
        else
          echo "Unable to read PID file. Start aborted."
          exit 1
        fi
      else
        rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? != 0 ]; then
          if [ ! -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
            echo "Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted."
            exit 1
          fi
        fi
      fi
    fi
  fi

  shift
  if [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT_CMD" ] ; then
    touch "$CATALINA_OUT"
  else
    if [ ! -e "$CATALINA_OUT" ]; then
      if ! mkfifo "$CATALINA_OUT"; then
        echo "cannot create named pipe $CATALINA_OUT. Start aborted."
        exit 1
      fi
    elif [ ! -p "$CATALINA_OUT" ]; then
      echo "$CATALINA_OUT exists and is not a named pipe. Start aborted."
      exit 1
    fi
    $CATALINA_OUT_CMD <"$CATALINA_OUT" &
  fi
  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
    if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
      echo "Using Security Manager"
    fi
    shift
    eval $_NOHUP "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Djava.security.manager \
      -Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
      >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"

  else
    eval $_NOHUP "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
      >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"

  fi

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    echo $! > "$CATALINA_PID"
  fi

  echo "Tomcat started."

elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then

  shift

  SLEEP=5
  if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
    echo $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
      SLEEP=$1
      shift
    fi
  fi

  FORCE=0
  if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then
    shift
    FORCE=1
  fi

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
        kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
          echo "PID file found but either no matching process was found or the current user does not have permission to stop the process. Stop aborted."
          exit 1
        fi
      else
        echo "PID file is empty and has been ignored."
      fi
    else
      echo "PID file $CATALINA_PID does not exist. Stop aborted."
      exit 1
    fi
  fi

  eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" \
    -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
    -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
    -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
    -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
    -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
    org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop

  # Wait up to SLEEP seconds for the process to end
  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
      count=0
      while [ $count -lt $SLEEP ]; do
        kill -0 $PID >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
          break
        fi
        sleep 1
        count=$((count + 1))
      done
      if [ $count -ge $SLEEP ]; then
        if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then
          echo "Force stopping Tomcat process $PID"
          kill -9 $PID >/dev/null 2>&1
          count=0
          while [ $count -lt $SLEEP ]; do
            kill -0 $PID >/dev/null 2>&1
            if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
              break
            fi
            sleep 1
            count=$((count + 1))
          done
          if [ $count -ge $SLEEP ]; then
            echo "Tomcat process $PID did not stop gracefully after $SLEEP seconds with force. Stop aborted."
            exit 1
          fi
        else
          echo "Tomcat process $PID did not stop gracefully after $SLEEP seconds. Stop aborted."
          exit 1
        fi
      fi
    fi
    rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
  fi

  echo "Tomcat stopped."

elif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then

  eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" \
    -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
    org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo

else

  echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )"
  echo "commands:"
  echo "  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger"
  echo "  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager"
  echo "  jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger"
  echo "  run               Start Catalina in the current window"
  echo "  run -security     Start in the current window with security manager"
  echo "  start             Start Catalina in a separate window"
  echo "  start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager"
  echo "  stop              Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end"
  echo "  stop n            Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end"
  echo "  stop -force       Stop Catalina, wait 5 seconds and then use kill -9 if still running"
  echo "  stop n -force     Stop Catalina, wait n seconds and then use kill -9 if still running"
  echo "  version           What version of tomcat are you running?"
  echo "Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that \$CATALINA_PID is set"
  exit 1

fi

exit 0

2. server.xml 完整内容（UTF-8已修复）

xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <Service name="Catalina">
    <Connector port="8080" 
               protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443"
               URIEncoding="UTF-8"
               useBodyEncodingForURI="true"/>

    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b"
               encoding="UTF-8" />
      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

3. web.xml 完整内容（UTF-8全局编码过滤器）

xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
  version="4.0">

  <!-- 全局 UTF-8 编码过滤器（解决所有请求/响应乱码） -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>debug</param-name>
      <param-value>0</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>listings</param-name>
      <param-value>false</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>fileEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>fork</param-name>
      <param-value>false</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
      <param-value>false</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>javaEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>pageEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
    <url-pattern>*.jspx</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <session-config>
    <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
    <cookie-config>
      <http-only>true</http-only>
      <secure>false</secure>
    </cookie-config>
    <tracking-mode>COOKIE</tracking-mode>
  </session-config>

  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>html</extension>
    <mime-type>text/html;charset=UTF-8</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>htm</extension>
    <mime-type>text/html;charset=UTF-8</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>xml</extension>
    <mime-type>text/xml;charset=UTF-8</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>json</extension>
    <mime-type>application/json;charset=UTF-8</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

四、操作步骤（必做）

  1. 复制上述对应文件内容，分别覆盖 Tomcat 对应目录下的 catalina.sh、server.xml、web.xml（覆盖前建议备份原文件，避免误操作）。

  2. 给 Tomcat 脚本添加可执行权限（解决 Permission denied 报错），执行命令：
    chmod +x /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/*.sh

  3. 重启 Tomcat 使配置生效，执行命令：

    `# 停止 Tomcat

    /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/shutdown.sh

启动 Tomcat

/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/startup.sh`

五、注意事项

  • 修改文件时，确保编码格式为 UTF-8，避免修改过程中引入新的乱码。

  • 若使用 Docker 部署 Tomcat，需进入容器内部执行上述权限配置和重启命令，或在 Dockerfile 中提前配置权限。

  • 重启 Tomcat 后，若仍有乱码，可清除浏览器缓存后重新访问，或检查 JSP 页面是否添加了 <%@ page pageEncoding="UTF-8" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" %> 头部。

  • 本方案适用于所有 Tomcat 9 版本，无需额外安装插件或修改其他配置，覆盖后即可彻底解决中文乱码问题。

六、验证是否生效

重启 Tomcat 后，访问 JSP 页面、提交表单、URL 传参（含中文），若所有中文正常显示、无乱码，且 Tomcat 控制台日志无乱码，则说明配置生效。

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