def map_form_fields(form_info, data):
"""将数据映射到表单字段"""
mapping = {}
for field in form_info["textboxes"]:
label = field.get("label", "").lower()
placeholder = field.get("placeholder", "").lower()
# 智能匹配
for key, value in data.items():
key_lower = key.lower()
if key_lower in label or key_lower in placeholder:
mapping[field["ref"]] = value
break
return mapping
2.3 表单验证规则
验证类型
说明
处理方式
必填
required 属性
确保填写
格式
email、phone 等
格式化数据
长度
min/max length
截断或补全
范围
min/max value
调整数值
3. 实战案例一：登录表单
3.1 场景描述
自动登录一个网站，包含用户名、密码输入和登录按钮。
3.2 实现代码
python复制代码
def auto_login(url, username, password):
"""自动登录"""
# 1. 打开登录页面
browser(action="open", targetUrl=url)
# 2. 等待页面加载
browser(action="act", kind="wait", timeMs=2000)
# 3. 获取页面快照
snapshot = browser(
action="snapshot",
interactive=True
)
# 4. 查找用户名输入框
username_field = find_element_by_keywords(
snapshot,
"textbox",
["用户名", "username", "账号", "email"]
)
# 5. 输入用户名
browser(
action="act",
kind="type",
ref=username_field["ref"],
text=username
)
# 6. 查找密码输入框
password_field = find_element_by_keywords(
snapshot,
"textbox",
["密码", "password", "pwd"]
)
# 7. 输入密码
browser(
action="act",
kind="type",
ref=password_field["ref"],
text=password
)
# 8. 查找登录按钮
login_btn = find_element_by_keywords(
snapshot,
"button",
["登录", "login", "signin", "提交"]
)
# 9. 点击登录
browser(
action="act",
kind="click",
ref=login_btn["ref"]
)
# 10. 等待登录完成
browser(action="act", kind="wait", timeMs=3000)
# 11. 验证登录结果
new_snapshot = browser(action="snapshot")
return check_login_success(new_snapshot)
def find_element_by_keywords(snapshot, element_type, keywords):
"""通过关键词查找元素"""
for element in snapshot["elements"]:
if element.get("type") != element_type:
continue
text = element.get("text", "").lower()
label = element.get("label", "").lower()
placeholder = element.get("placeholder", "").lower()
for keyword in keywords:
if keyword.lower() in text or keyword.lower() in label or keyword.lower() in placeholder:
return element
return None
3.3 错误处理
python复制代码
def safe_auto_login(url, username, password, max_retries=3):
"""带错误处理的自动登录"""
for attempt in range(max_retries):
try:
result = auto_login(url, username, password)
return result
except Exception as e:
print(f"登录失败 (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}): {e}")
if attempt < max_retries - 1:
# 刷新页面重试
browser(action="navigate", targetUrl=url)
browser(action="act", kind="wait", timeMs=2000)
raise Exception("登录失败，已达最大重试次数")
4. 实战案例二：注册表单
4.1 场景描述
自动填写用户注册表单，包含多个字段和验证。
4.2 实现代码
python复制代码
def auto_register(url, user_data):
"""自动注册"""
# 1. 打开注册页面
browser(action="open", targetUrl=url)
browser(action="act", kind="wait", timeMs=2000)
# 2. 获取表单快照
snapshot = browser(action="snapshot", interactive=True)
# 3. 分析表单结构
form_info = analyze_form(snapshot)
# 4. 映射数据到字段
field_mapping = map_form_fields(form_info, user_data)
# 5. 填写文本字段
for ref, value in field_mapping.items():
browser(
action="act",
kind="type",
ref=ref,
text=str(value)
)
# 短暂等待，模拟人工输入
browser(action="act", kind="wait", timeMs=300)
# 6. 处理复选框（如同意条款）
for checkbox in form_info["checkboxes"]:
text = checkbox.get("text", "").lower()
if "同意" in text or "条款" in text or "agree" in text.lower():
browser(
action="act",
kind="click",
ref=checkbox["ref"]
)
# 7. 处理下拉选择框
for select in form_info["selects"]:
label = select.get("label", "").lower()
if "城市" in label or "city" in label:
browser(
action="act",
kind="select",
ref=select["ref"],
value=user_data.get("city", "北京")
)
# 8. 提交表单
submit_btn = find_element_by_keywords(
snapshot,
"button",
["注册", "register", "提交", "submit"]
)
if submit_btn:
browser(
action="act",
kind="click",
ref=submit_btn["ref"]
)
# 9. 等待响应
browser(action="act", kind="wait", timeMs=3000)
# 10. 检查结果
result_snapshot = browser(action="snapshot")
return check_register_result(result_snapshot)
def verify_step_completion(expected_elements):
"""验证步骤完成"""
snapshot = browser(action="snapshot")
for element_desc in expected_elements:
found = find_element_by_keywords(
snapshot,
element_desc["type"],
[element_desc["text"]]
)
if not found:
return False
return True
6. 高级技巧
6.1 智能等待
python复制代码
def smart_wait_for_element(element_type, keywords, timeout=10000):
"""智能等待元素出现"""
start_time = time.time()
while time.time() - start_time < timeout / 1000:
snapshot = browser(action="snapshot", interactive=True)
element = find_element_by_keywords(snapshot, element_type, keywords)
if element:
return element
time.sleep(0.5)
raise TimeoutError(f"等待元素超时: {element_type} - {keywords}")
6.2 表单数据预处理
python复制代码
def preprocess_form_data(data, form_info):
"""预处理表单数据"""
processed = {}
for field in form_info["textboxes"]:
label = field.get("label", "").lower()
placeholder = field.get("placeholder", "").lower()
# 根据字段类型处理数据
if "邮箱" in label or "email" in placeholder:
# 邮箱格式验证
email = data.get("email", "")
if "@" in email:
processed[field["ref"]] = email
elif "电话" in label or "phone" in placeholder:
# 电话格式化
phone = data.get("phone", "")
processed[field["ref"]] = phone.replace("-", "").replace(" ", "")
elif "日期" in label or "date" in placeholder:
# 日期格式化
date = data.get("date", "")
processed[field["ref"]] = format_date(date)
else:
# 默认处理
for key, value in data.items():
if key.lower() in label or key.lower() in placeholder:
processed[field["ref"]] = str(value)
break
return processed
6.3 错误恢复
python复制代码
def form_fill_with_recovery(url, data, max_retries=3):
"""带错误恢复的表单填写"""
saved_state = {}
for attempt in range(max_retries):
try:
# 恢复之前的状态
if saved_state:
restore_state(saved_state)
# 填写表单
result = fill_form(url, data)
return result
except Exception as e:
print(f"填写失败: {e}")
# 保存当前状态
saved_state = save_current_state()
if attempt < max_retries - 1:
# 刷新页面
browser(action="navigate", targetUrl=url)
browser(action="act", kind="wait", timeMs=2000)
raise Exception("表单填写失败，已达最大重试次数")
7. 最佳实践
7.1 表单自动化清单
步骤
说明
检查项
分析
分析表单结构
所有字段已识别
映射
映射数据到字段
数据格式正确
填写
填写表单数据
填写顺序合理
验证
验证填写结果
无错误提示
提交
提交表单
提交成功
7.2 常见陷阱
陷阱
说明
解决方案
异步加载
元素动态加载
智能等待
隐藏字段
不可见但必填
检查隐藏元素
事件触发
需要触发事件
模拟完整交互
防机器人
检测自动化行为
模拟人工操作
7.3 性能优化
python复制代码
# 批量操作
def batch_fill_fields(field_values):
"""批量填写字段"""
snapshot = browser(action="snapshot", interactive=True)
for ref, value in field_values.items():
browser(
action="act",
kind="type",
ref=ref,
text=value
)
# 减少等待时间
time.sleep(0.1) # 最小等待