OSPF综合实验

哇嘎呀2026-05-25 8:17

一、实验要求

1、R4为ISP，其上只能配置IP地址；R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP。

2、R3、R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点。

3、整个OSPF环境IP地址基于172.16.0.0/16划分。

4、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保证更新安全。

5、全网可达。

划分网段、配置ip

172.16.0.0/16：大概划分八个区域，剩下的两个区域拿来当做备用区域

区域0---- 172.16.0.0/19

172.16.0.0/24-----P2P的骨干

172.16.0.0/30

172.16.0.4/30

172.16.0.8/30

.....

172.16.0.63/30

172.16.1.0/24----MA的骨干

172.16.1.0/29

172.168.1.8/29

172.16.1.16/29

....

172.16.2.0/24----用户网段

.......

172.16.31.0/24

区域1---- 172.16.32.0/19

172.16.32.0/24-----P2P的骨干

172.16.32.0/30

172.16.32.4/30

172.16.32.8/30

172.16.33.0/24----MA的骨干

172.16.33.0/29

172.16.33.8/29

172.16.33.16/29

172.16.34.0/24

......

172.16.63.0/24

区域2---- 172.16.64.0/19

区域3---- 172.16.96.0/19

区域4---- 172.16.128.0/19

RIP区域---- 172.16.160.0/19

备用区域：

172.16.192.0/19

172.16.224.0/19

1.划分网段、配置ip

复制代码 
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 29
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24

[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.1 24

[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 29
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.1 24
[r3]int Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.1 30

[isp]int Serial 4/0/0
[isp-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/0]int Serial 4/0/1
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip address 54.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/1]int Serial 3/0/0
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip address 64.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial3/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 74.0.0.2 24

[r5]int Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 54.0.0.1 24
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 54.0.0.2

[r6]int Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 64.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 29
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 64.0.0.2

[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 74.0.0.1 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 29
[r7]ip route-static  0.0.0.0 0 74.0.0.2

[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.3 29

[r9]int g 0/0/0	
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.4 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.1 24

[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 29
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24

[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 29 
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
[r11-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.3 29

[r12]int g 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.4 29
[r12-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.176.1 20
[r12-LoopBack1]int l 0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.1 20

2.搭建MGRE环境

复制代码 
[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1 
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r5]int l 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
[r6]int l 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24

[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.4 29	
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.1 24

3.启动OSPF协议和RIP协议

复制代码 
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2	
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.36.1 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.1 0.0.0.0
[r3]int t  0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0 
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

[r7]ospf 1 ro	
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 74.0.0.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.0
 
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.9 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.98.1 0.0.0.0
	
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9	
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network  172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.1 0.0.0.0

[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network  172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.131.1 0.0.0.0

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.9 0.0.0.0
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.66.1 0.0.0.0

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

[r12]rip 
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

[r9]ospf 2 router-id 19.19.19.19
[r9-ospf-2]area 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.1 0.0.0.0 
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0 

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

3.减少LSA的更新量

复制代码 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0

[r6]ospf 1 
[r6-ospf-1]area 2 
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0

[r7]ospf 1 
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0

[r9]ospf 1 
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0

[r12]ospf 1 
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.160.0  19 NULL 0

-----------区域1配置完全末梢区域：
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub  no-summary

------------区域2:
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
 
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 
 
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

------------区域3:
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
 
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa 
 
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

-------------在R9上配置一条缺省路由,使可以全网可达
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

4.加快收敛

复制代码 
[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 
[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]
 
[r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10

5.配置NAT环境，完成所有设备访问R4环回

复制代码 
----------------在R3、R6、R7上做NAT端口映射
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255----R4环回的地址
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

6.保障更新安全，全网可达

复制代码 
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
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